Transcript Unity and Sectionalism

Unity and Sectionalism
Chapter 10.3
The Era of Good Feelings
• Absence of major
political differences
• James Monroe,
Republican, toured
the United States
meeting and greeting
people
• Monroe served 2
terms
Sectionalism Grows: Loyalty to
ones region
Northern beliefs
• Opposed slavery
• Believed that tariffs
protected American
industries
• Need National Bank to
improve strength of
America
• Need to use tax money
to build roads, canals,
bridges (Internal
Improvement).
Southern beliefs
• Slavery necessary
• Tariffs benefit
northern factories but
increase prices for
southerners
• State bank would
protect people’s
needs
John C. Calhoun
• Planter from South
Carolina
• War Hawk
• Strong supporter of
state sovereignty
(states’ rights)
• Tariffs only benefit the
Northern
manufacturing
companies
Daniel Webster
• From Massachusetts
• Senator
• Supporter of Tariff of
1816 to protect
Manufacturers
• “liberty and Union,
now and forever, one
and inseparable”
Henry Clay: The Great
Compromiser
• War Hawk
• Representative from
Kentucky
• Tried to resolve
conflicts between
Northern and
Southern sectionalism
Missouri Compromise
• Sectional tension increase in 1820
• Main issue of contention was slavery
• Missouri wanted to enter the union as a
slave state (First territory to apply for
statehood from Louisiana Purchase and
would set a precedent.
• Upset balance of power in Senate
Missouri Compromise
•
1.
2.
3.
4.
Henry Clay proposes the Missouri
Compromise which would:
Ban slavery north of 36.30 latitude line
Except for Missouri which would be a
slave state
Maine will enter as a free state
This would keep the balance of power in
the Senate balanced!
The American System
• The American System included a
protective tariff; a program of internal
improvements to build roads and canals
• It would be funded by tariffs
• It would provide for a national bank to lend
many for the projects
• Manufactures in the North could benefit
the South by buying more agricultural
goods from the South
The American System
• This protective tariff passed but the South
did not see an increase of agriculture
purchases from the North
• In the end, Henry Clay’s system went into
effect and some internal improvements
were made but not on the large scale that
Clay had hoped for.
• The national bank was created but it was
still controversial.
McCulloch v. Maryland
Federal government over state
government is the issue!
• Maryland taxed the Second National Bank of
United States
• The bank refused to pay
• Under John Marshall, the courts ruled that
Maryland had no right to tax the bank because
it was federal property
• This case set a precedent that the federal
government received their authority directly
from the people, not by way of the state
government.
Gibbons v. Ogden
• This case established that states could not
enact legislation that would interfere with
Congressional power.
• Strengthen the national government!
• States’ Rights advocates were outraged
• Created more sectionalism. Why?
Foreign Affairs
Agreements with Great Britain
• Rush-Bagot Treaty: Set limits on number
of navel vessel on the Great Lakes
• Convention of 1818: Set the boundary of
the Louisiana Territory between the United
States and Canada at 49 parallel ling.
Also allowed settlers to settle in Oregon
Country.
Relations With Spain
• Andrew Jackson invaded Spanish Florida
• He captured Negroes from Ft. Negro
• Spain protested and wanted Jackson courtmartialed for over-steeping instructions to
maintain peace along disputed Florida
borders
• John Quincy Adams, the 6th President
disagreed and did nothing to stop the raids.
Adams-Onis Treaty
• To avoid war, Spain offered Florida to the
United States.
• It set the western border of the Louisiana
Purchase
• America becomes a transcontinental
power!
• An example of USA flexing its’ military
muscle!
• What does transcontinental mean?
Latin American Republics
• Many countries in South America began
revolting against Spanish control.
• By 1824, many colonies were librated from
Spain but were very unstable
• Fear of European involvement in newly
librated colonies created fear for
Americans
• The president issued a statement which is
later called the Monroe Doctrine
Monroe Doctrine
• This doctrine stated:
1. The USA will not interfere in newly librated
colonies
2. Europe will not interfere in newly librated
colonies. Hence stated “are henceforth not be
considered as subjects for future colonization by
any European powers”
3. USA did not have the military power to enforce
this Monroe Doctrine but it set forth an important
element in American foreign policy and has
remained so today.