Transcript U.S. History

U.S. History
Objective 2.04
Goal 2
• Expansion and Reform (1801 – 1850):
The learner will assess the competing
forces of expansionism, nationalism, and
sectionalism.
Objective 2.04
• Assess political events, issues, and
personalities that contributed to
sectionalism and nationalism.
James Monroe
• Democratic-Republican,
elected 1816
• His election begins the
Era of Good Feelings –
(1816 – 1824) – brief
period of only one major
political party
– Federalists had lost power
(Hartford Convention)
Huh???
• What is sectionalism?
• What is nationalism?
What was leading to sectionalism?
• Economic issues
– Foreign trade
– Cotton and plantations
vs. manufacturing
– War of 1812
• War Hawks
• Hartford Convention
• New England vs.
South / West
Economic Sectionalism
• Cotton Kingdom in the
South
– Helped along by Eli
Whitney’s Cotton Gin
• Industrial Revolution
comes to the North
– began in Great Britain
– Helped along by Eli
Whitney’s Interchangeable
parts – parts that are
exactly alike
Henry Clay
• Congressman from
KY
• War Hawk – 1810
• The “Great
Compromiser”
• “I’d rather be right
than be president.”
• Wanted to unite the
country
How did he propose to do this?
• The American System – President James
Madison’s plan – promoted by Clay – 3
parts
• 1 – develop transportation and other
“internal improvements”
• 2 – establish a protective tariff (Tariff of
1816)
• 3 – Reestablish a national bank
“Internal Improvements”
• Roads, canals, etc.
• Erie Canal
• National Road
Protective Tariff (Tariff of 1816)
• Encouraged people to buy American
goods
• Raised money for internal improvements
• Favored Northeasterners
• Not like by South and West
2nd Bank of the U.S. (BUS)
• Most agreed it would benefit all
• Would make available a currency
guaranteed to be accepted nationwide
Not everyone trusted the bank
• Why?
• Panic of 1819 – chain reaction of bank
failures, falling land prices, and
foreclosures, most related to
overspeculation in western lands.
• Many blamed 2nd National Bank as cause
of hard times,
What is a Panic?
• A financial crisis
Panic of 1819 - Causes
• Dramatic decline in cotton
prices
• Contraction of credit by the
Bank of the U.S. (to curb
inflation)
• Congressional order
requiring hard-currency
payments for land
• Closing of factories due to
foreign competition
Slavery
• Kept Americans on their toes up through
the Civil War
• A delicate balance existed in the Senate
between free and slave states
– 11 free states
– 11 slave states
Missouri????
• Missouri plans to
enter the Union
• Will it be slave or
free?
• Missouri petitioned for
entrance as a slave
state
– Tallmadge
amendment tried to
end slavery there, but
was defeated (Rep.
James Tallmadge, NY)
Compromise is reached (with the
help of Henry Clay)
• Missouri Compromise (Compromise of
1820)
– Missouri enters the Union as a slave state
– Maine enters the Union as a free state
– Slavery prohibited in the rest of the Louisiana
Purchase south of 36’30
• Southerners disliked the precedent of
Congress making laws regarding slavery
• Northerners disliked its acqueisence in the
expansion of slavery
• Nevertheless, it holds for 34 years
(repealed by Kansas-Nebraska Act)