Transcript Madison and Monroex

After the War of 1812
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funds for national defense
frigates for the navy
a standing army and federal control of the
militia
federal aid for building roads and canals
protective tariff to encourage manufactures
re-establishing the national bank
federal assumption of some state debts
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Later Madison’s
program was
referred as the
“American System”
which would benefit
everyday sections
of the country.
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American manufacturers wanted a protective
tariff
Congress enacted a tariff to continue the high
duties that had been imposed as a war
measure in 1812
That way “infant industries” would be
protected
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The first Bank of
the United States
had not been rechartered and
closed its doors.
Without a national
bank it was difficult
for the nation to
pay for the war.
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Without a national bank, state banks had
multiplied each issuing its own paper money.
The national government had to deal with
several banks to borrow money during the
war instead of a national bank.
There was no one national currency.
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Bill introduced to pay for roads and canals
called “internal improvements.”
The money raised by the second bank of
the United States would be used to pay for
improvements.
Madison vetoed the Bonus Bill.
Because of the veto the North built roads
and canals and later railroads to the West
because they had the money to do so.
The South remained agricultural because
they did not have the money to spend.
National Road
Corduroy Roads
Corduroy
Roads were
made of logs
laid side-byside in marshy
areas
Industrial Revolution
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Allowed production
of goods with
identical parts,
Made
manufacturing
more efficient and
goods more reliable
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Lighter steel blade,
Improved plowing
of heavy soil and
promoted westward
expansion
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Cut grain,
Increased farm
production
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Separated wheat
kernels from husks,
Improved farming
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Cleaned cotton,
Improved cotton
production and
allowed expansion
 Allowed
inland water
transport
 Promoted
trade and
expansion
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Used steam power
to turn paddle
wheels
Allowed river
travel against
current and
improved
transportation
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Sent electrical
pulses along a
wire
Improved longdistance
communication
Samuel Morse
develops Morse
Code
Era of Good Feeling
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His term in office
proved to be an era
without political
parties.
With the ending of
the Federalist Party in
1816 there was no
need for the
Republican Party
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Economic sectionalism produced conflicting ideas
about the tariff, banks, internal improvements,
slavery, the right to vote, and almost everything
else.
The East depended on commerce and industry.
The South lived on an economy of large
plantations.
The West was a land of small farms.
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For a time after the War of 1812, the
sectional differences remained hidden
replaced by Nationalism.
With a severe depression in 1819, each
section demanded new laws in its own special
interest.
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An agreement between the United States and
Britain.
Limited each side’s naval forces on the Great
Lakes.
Set the 49 parallel as the U.S.-Canadian
border as far west as the Rocky Mountains
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An agreement between the United States and Spain
Pirates and runaway slaves used East Florida as a
refuge.
Native Americans raided white settlements in
Georgia
President Monroe gave Spain a choice.
Either police Florida or turn it over to the U.S.
Treaty gave U.S. Florida and claims to the Oregon
Country.
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The state of Maryland had tried to force the Bank of
the United States out of the state by taxing it.
Marshall said no state had the right to hinder or
control any national institution within its borders.
The laws of the United States were “the supreme
law of the land,” and the states had no power to
prevent the growth of a national government.
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Two steamship operators fought over
shipping rights on the Hudson River in New
York and New Jersey.
The Supreme Court ruled that only the federal
government, not the state governments,
could regulate interstate commerce.
Strengthened the powers of the federal
government.
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Court ruled that the charter of Dartmouth
College in New Hampshire was a private
contract
Since the Constitution protects private
contracts, New Hampshire could not change
Dartmouth’s charter
The court was protecting private businesses
and promoting capitalism
1820
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the demand for cotton was great. Farmers
were planting cotton instead of other crops
and the demand for slaves increased.
The question of slavery arose again when
Missouri requested admission to the Union.
This sparked a heated debate over the
expansion of slavery in Congress.
It was a question of power
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This would mean an even vote between the two
groups in the Senate.
But when Missouri wanted to enter there was not a
free state that could be paired with Missouri.
Whoever controlled the Senate would be able to
control government policy on the Federal Bank, on
tariffs, on federal money for roads and canals, and
on slavery.
After a year the Missouri Compromise was passed
in Congress in 1820.
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Missouri was added as a slave state
Maine was a free state.
At the same time the compromise drew a line
through all the rest of the lands of the
Louisiana Purchase excluding slavery forever
from the north of the parallel of 36’ 30’ (the
southern boundary of Missouri) except for the
state of Missouri itself.
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Farsighted leaders realized that the Missouri
Compromise was nothing more than a truce
and a fight for slavery would happen.
1823
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The nation felt threatened not only by sectionalism, but also
by events elsewhere in the Americas.
In Latin America, several countries had successfully fought for
independence from Spain and Portugal.
European monarchies planned to help Spain and Portugal
regain their colonies.
U.S. leaders feared that if this happened, their own
government would be in danger.
Russian colonies in the Pacific Northwest also concerned
Americans.
Russians entered Alaska and trading posts reached almost to
San Francisco.
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Americas were closed to further colonization
(Western Hemisphere)
Any European efforts to reestablish colonies would
be considered “dangerous to our peace and safety.”
Promised that the United States would stay out of
European affairs.
In return, Europe must not disturb the republics
on this side of the ocean.
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The Monroe Doctrine showed that the United
States saw itself as a world power and
protector of Latin America
It was a defiant warning to strong European
powers.
Election of 1824