Transcript 11.3 Nationalism and Sectionalism

11.3 Nationalism and
Sectionalism
Manifest Destiny Continued
The Era of Good Feelings
With the End of the Madison Administration and
the beginning of the Monroe Administration in
1817 became known as The Era of Good
Feelings.
The Federalist Party provided little competition
to the Democratic-Republicans and with a one
party system the country grew more connected
and United.
Nationalism grew as feelings of pride, loyalty,
and protectiveness increased toward the US.
Growth and National Unity
 President James Madison’s Plan for making the US
economically self-sufficient after the War of 1812.
 Representative Henry Clay called the Plan the American
System in support of the New Nationalism created after the
war of 1812 - It had three main parts
Establish a protective tariff - a tax on imported goods that
protected the nation’s businesses from foreign competition
Establish a national bank - It promoted the use of a single
currency making trade within the United States easier.
In 1816 Congress set up the second Bank of the US
Most regional banks had used their own currency
Improve the country’s transportation systems - Poor roads
made transportation slow and costly.
It called for the creation of better roads and the
building of canals
Transportation Link Cities and creates
National Unity
 Roads and Canals connected the country from one
end to the other. North to South and East to West.
 The National Road – started in 1806 in Cumberland,
MD and extended by 1841 to Vandalia, IL
 1790 – 1855 is called the Age of Canals.
The Most famous canal the Erie Canal Completed in 1825
connected Lake Erie (Buffalo, NY) to New York City.
It allowed farm products from the Great lakes region to
flow east and people and manufactured goods from the
East to flow west.
This Trade helped New York City become the nation’s
largest city. Doubling its population between 1820 and
1830.
 The Railroads led to the decline of canals by 1850
there was 9000 miles of track.
Supreme Court decisions lead to growth
and National Unity
 McCulloch v. Maryland – the state of Maryland wanted to
tax its branch of the national bank in order to destroy the
national bank.
If this tax were allowed, the states could have power
over the federal government.
The Court ruled that states do not have the right to
tax the federal government. The Constitution and its
laws are the Supreme Law of the Land.
 Gibbons v. Ogden – Two steamship operators fought
over shipping rights on the Hudson River in New York
and New Jersey.
The Court ruled that interstate commerce could be
regulated only by the federal government, not the
state governments.
Boundary settlements led to Growth
and National Unity
 These agreements gave the US official control to
some of its land claims and helped to secure its
borders.
 The Rush-Bagot Agreement with Great Britain limited
each side’s naval forces on the Great Lakes.
 The Convention of 1818 with Great Britain set the 49th
parallel as the US - Canadian border as far west as
the Rocky Mountains
 The Adams-Onis Treaty – Spain in 1819 handed
Florida to the United States and gave up claims to the
Oregon Country for 5 million dollars.
Monroe Doctrine
With the US more stable and more United
than it ever had been.
The US begins looking outward and
began to flex its power toward stabilizing
the rest of the Western Hemisphere
President Monroe said that the Americas
were closed to further colonization.
He also warned that European efforts to
reestablish colonies would be considered
“dangerous to our peace and safety.”
Monroe Doctrine Continued
Finally, he promised that the United States
would stay out of European affairs.
It showed that the United States saw itself as a
World Power and protector of Latin America.
Several Latin American colonies had
successfully fought for the independence from
Spain and Portugal.
European monarchies planned to help Spain
and Portugal to regain their colonies hoping to
keep the urge to revolt from reaching Europe.
Sectionalism
 At the same time that National Feelings grew.
Regional interests began to create conflict over the
issues that separated them.
 The South – relied on a plantation economy that used
Slavery.
 The Northeast – focused on manufacturing and trade
Many Northern States banned Slavery soon after
the American Revolution.
 The West – Settlers wanted cheap land.
The Northeast wanted to keep land expensive so
they would not lose their workers to the promise of
owning their own farms.
The South wanted to keep it expensive in order to
expand their plantations as they saw fit.
Sectionalism: North vs. South The
Missouri Compromise
 In 1817 there were 11 Slave states and 11 Free
States. Keeping the Balance of power in the Senate.
 The Northern States wanted to ban slavery in Missouri
 The Southern States - claimed that the Constitution
did not give Congress the power to ban slavery.
They worried that free states could form a majority
in Congress and ban slavery altogether.
 Missouri Compromise (Clay’s Plan) of 1820
suggested that Maine entered the Union as a Free
State and Missouri enter the Union as a Slave state
This kept Free States and Slave States balanced.
It also banned slavery north of 36º30’ line except for
Missouri.