Transcript CHAPTER 11 * NATIONAL AND REGIONAL GROWTH

Lesson 11.3 – Nationalism and
Sectionalism
Today’s Essential
Question: What caused
the growth of both
nationalism and
sectionalism during the
Madison and Monroe
administrations?
Vocabulary
• transportation – whatever moves people or
goods from place to place
• nationalism – strong feelings of pride, loyalty,
and protectiveness toward your country
• sectionalism – placement of the interests of
one’ region ahead of the interests of the
nation as a whole
• administration – period of time during a
president’s term of office
• compromise – settlement in which each side
gives up part of what it wants to gain the rest
of what it wants
Check for Understanding
• What is today’s Essential Question?
• What form of transportation did you
use most recently?
• Whose administration are we in right
now?
• Which is more common today:
nationalism or sectionalism?
• How can two friends compromise when
ordering a pizza to share?
What We Already Know
Men like Robert Fulton and Henry Shreve Miller had
developed steam ships that opened much of the
nation’s interior to trade.
What We Already Know
The Louisiana Purchase opened up land west
of the Mississippi River to settlement, and
Americans quickly began settling there.
What We Already Know
As the plantation system
spread westward into
new areas, so too did
slavery.
What We Already Know
America’s ability to stand
up to the British during the
War of 1812 caused a huge
wave of national pride to
sweep across the country,
even though the war itself
had ended in a draw.
After the War of 1812, a wave of nationalism
swept across the United States.
After the War of 1812, a wave of nationalism
swept across the United States.
• Nationalism is a feeling
of pride, loyalty, and
protectiveness toward
your country.
• Henry Clay, from Kentucky,
was the Speaker of the
House of Representatives,
and a strong nationalist.
• Clay’s goal was to make the
country stronger and more
unified.
Clay’s plan to strengthen the country and
unify its regions was based on making
the country more self-reliant.
“Every nation should
anxiously endeavor to
establish its absolute
independence, and
consequently be able to
feed and clothe and
defend itself. If it rely
upon a foreign supply
that may be cut off . . . it
cannot be Independent.”
-- Henry Clay
Check for Understanding
A ask B: Who
was Henry Clay?
Henry Clay was the
Speaker of the House of
Representatives and a
strong nationalist leader
from Kentucky.
Be sure to re-state the question in your response!
Check for Understanding
B ask A: What is
nationalism?
Nationalism is the
feeling of pride,
loyalty, and
protectiveness toward
one’s country.
Be sure to re-state the question in your response!
Nationalism Unites the Country
In 1815, President
Madison presented a
plan developed by
Henry Clay to
Congress.
The goal of the plan, known as
the American System, was to
make the country economically
self-sufficient.
Nationalism Unites the Country
Clay’s plan included three
main actions:
• a system of protective tariffs
• a national bank
• a series of improvements to
the country’s transportation
systems (roads and canals)
These are often referred to as
internal improvements.
Check for Understanding
A ask B: What was
the American
system?
The American System
was Henry Clay’s plan to
make the United States
economically selfsufficient.
Be sure to re-state the question in your response!
Nationalism Unites the Country
The protective tariff
made European
goods more
expensive and
encouraged
Americans to buy
cheaper Americanmade products.
Nationalism Unites the Country
A national bank would make trade easier by
promoting a single currency.
In 1816, Congress passed a protective tariff and set
up the second Bank of the United States.
Nationalism Unites the Country
Improving the
country’s
transportation
systems would
contribute to a
strong economy,
because poor roads
made transportation
slow and costly.
B ask A: What were the three parts
of Henry Clay’s American System?
The three parts of
Henry Clay’s
American System
were protective
tariffs, a national
bank, and internal
improvements.
Be sure to re-state the
question in your
response!
Get your whiteboards
and markers ready!
17. How would each part of Henry Clay’s
American System help the economy?
A. A system of tariffs protected American
manufacturers from foreign competition.
B. New roads and canals helped businesses
grow.
C. Jobs were created for former slaves.
D. The new national bank helped standardize
the currency.
Choose the one
that is NOT true!
Roads and Canals Link Cities
• Between 1806 and 1841, Congress had funded
the construction of the National Road linking
Cumberland, Maryland, to Vandalia, Illinois.
• Water transportation also improved between 1825
and 1850, which is often called the Age of Canals.
Check for Understanding
A ask B: Why are the years from 1825 to
1850 often referred to as the Age of Canals?
The period was called the Age of Canals
because so many canals were built during
those years.
Be sure to re-state the question in your response!
Roads and Canals Link Cities
• The first canal major canal project completed
was the massive Erie Canal.
• The Erie Canal created a water route between
New York City and Buffalo, New York.
• Completed in 1825, the canal opened the upper
Ohio Valley and the Great Lakes region to
settlement and trade.
The Erie Canal stimulated
nationalism.
The canal allowed farm products from the
Great Lakes region to flow east and people
and factory goods from the East to flow west.
Trade stimulated by the canal
helped New York City become
the nation’s largest city.
Get your whiteboards
and markers ready!
18. What was the first
major canal project in
the United States?
A. Baltimore and
Ohio Canal
B. Panama Canal
C. Main Road Canal
D. Erie Canal
18. How did the Erie Canal help
the nation grow?
A. It ended the West's dependence on
the Mississippi River for trade.
B. It opened the upper Ohio Valley and
Great Lakes regions to settlement
and trade.
C. It made it easier for pioneers to
travel to the Oregon Country.
D. It allowed more cotton to be shipped
from the South to New England
textile mills.
A New Way to Travel
• Around the 1830s, the nation began to use
steam-powered trains for transportation.
• In 1830, only about 30 miles of track existed in
the United States.
• By 1850, the number had climbed to 9,000 miles.
• Improvements in rail travel led to a decline in the
use of canals.
Check for Understanding
B ask A: In addition to canals, what
other new form of transportation
was in use by 1830?
By 1830, the nation was using steampowered trains for transportation.
Check for Understanding
A ask B: How did improvements
in rail travel affect canals?
Improvements in rail travel led to a
decline in the use of canals.
Be sure to re-state the question in your response!
The Era of Good Feelings
• As nationalist feelings
spread, the people’s
loyalty shifted away from
state governments toward
the federal government.
• Democratic-Republican
James Monroe won the
presidency in 1816 by a
large majority.
The Era of Good Feelings
• The Federalist Party
provided little opposition
to Monroe, and it soon
disappeared.
• This period without major
political differences was
called the Era of Good
Feelings.
Get your whiteboards
and markers ready!
19. Why was the period after the War of 1812
known as the Era of Good Feelings?
A. The Federalists party
had almost died out.
B. The country was no
longer troubled by
political differences.
C. The slavery question
had finally been settled
once and for all.
D. The United States had
scored a clear victory
over Great Britain.
Choose all that are true!
Settling National Boundaries
• President Monroe used treaties to ease tensions
between the United States and Britain.
• The Rush-Bagot Agreement (1817) with Britain
limited each side’s naval forces on the Great
Lakes.
Settling National Boundaries
• President Monroe used treaties to ease tensions
between the United States and Britain.
• The Rush-Bagot Agreement (1817) with Britain
limited each side’s naval forces on the Great
Lakes.
• The Convention of
1818 set the 49th
parallel as the U.S.Canadian border as
far west as the
Rocky Mountains.
Check for Understanding
• The Rush-Bagot
Agreement eased
tensions between the
United States and
Great Britain by
limiting each side’s
naval forces on the
Great Lakes.
A ask B: How did the RushBagot Agreement ease
tensions between the
United States and Great
Britain?
Check for Understanding
• The Convention of
1818 eased tensions
between the United
States and Great
Britain by setting the
49th parallel as the
U.S.-Canadian border
as far west as the
Rocky Mountains.
B ask A: How did the
Convention of 1818 ease
tensions between the
United States and Great
Britain?
Settling National Boundaries
• Spain and the United
States disagreed on
the boundaries of the
Louisiana Purchase
and the ownership of
West Florida.
• Pirates and runaway
slaves used Spanishheld East Florida as a
refuge.
• The Seminoles of East
Florida raided white
settlements in
Georgia.
In 1817, President Monroe ordered General
Andrew Jackson to stop the Seminole raids, but
Jackson also went on to claim the Floridas for the
United States.
When Spain protested,
Monroe suggested
Spain could either
police the Floridas or
turn them over to the
United States.
In the Adams-Onís Treaty of 1819, Spain handed
Florida to the United States and gave up claims to
the Oregon Country.
Check for Understanding
B ask A: What caused
tensions to grow between
the United States and
Spain?
Tensions grew
between the United
States and Spain
because they
disagreed on the
boundaries of the
Louisiana
Purchase and the
ownership of West
Florida.
Sectional Tensions Increase
At the same time nationalism was unifying
the country, sectionalism was threatening
to drive it apart.
Check for Understanding
A ask B: What is sectionalism?
Sectionalism is the placing of the
interests of one’s own region ahead
of those of the nation as a whole.
Be sure to re-state the question in your response!
Get your whiteboards
and markers ready!
20. What is the difference between
sectionalism and nationalism?
A. Sectionalism is loyalty to the
interests of your own region of
the country.
B. Sectionalism is a feeling of
pride, loyalty, and
protectiveness toward one's
country.
C. Nationalism is loyalty to the
interests of your own region of
the country.
D. Nationalism is a feeling of pride,
loyalty, and protectiveness
toward one's country.
Choose TWO that are true!
The United
States in 1820
• The Southern was
relying more on cotton
and slavery.
• In the Northeast,
wealth was based on
manufacturing and
trade.
• In the West, settlers
wanted cheap land and
good transportation.
The interests of these sections were
often in conflict.
Territorial expansion threatened
national unity.
• At the time, the United States consisted of 11
slave states and 11 free states.
Territorial expansion threatened
national unity.
• At the time, the United States consisted of 11
slave states and 11 free states.
• This balance made it impossible for any
national law banning slavery to pass in the
Senate.
Territorial expansion threatened
national unity.
Southerners still worried that free states
could form a majority in Congress and
ban slavery altogether.
Sectional Tensions Increase
• Sectionalism became a major issue when Missouri
applied for statehood in 1817.
• Adding Missouri as a
slave state would upset
the balance of power in
Congress.
• Northerners opposed its
admission as a slave
state while Southerners
supported it.
Get your whiteboards
and markers ready!
21. How did territorial expansion lead
to an increase in sectional tension?
A. Missouri wanted to enter
the Union as a slave state.
B. Maine wanted to enter the
Union as a free state.
C. A line dividing territories
into slave and free was
established.
D. The Rush-Bagot
Agreement made Florida
part of the United States.
22. Why did Missouri’s application for
statehood become a major issue?
A. Spain still claimed to
own Missouri.
B. It would upset the
balance of power
between the free states
and the slave states.
C. Strict constructionists
claimed the Constitution
did not allow states west
of the Mississippi.
D. Its proposed state
constitution contained a
secession clause.
The Missouri Compromise
• Henry Clay, the Speaker
of the House, came up
with a compromise that
he hoped would reduce
the sectional tensions.
• Clay suggested that
Missouri be admitted as
a slave state and Maine
as a free state.
The Missouri Compromise
Clay’s plan, known as the Missouri Compromise,
would keep the balance of power in the Senate
between the slave states and free states.
It also called for slavery to be banned from the
Louisiana Territory north of the parallel 36° 30',
Missouri’s southern border.
Get your whiteboards
and markers ready!
23. How did the Missouri Compromise resolve
a conflict between the North and South ?
A. It divided Missouri into free
counties and slave counties.
B. It limited the number of
slaves that could be
imported legally from Africa.
C. It kept the balance of slave
and free states in the Senate
by creating Maine as a free
state.
D. It allowed Missouri to come
in as a slave state, but
banning slavery in the next
state to enter the Union.
The Monroe Doctrine
The United
States was
concerned by
events in Latin
America.
The Monroe Doctrine
Several European monarchies planned to help
Spain and Portugal regain the colonies which had
successfully fought for their independence.
U.S. leaders feared that if this happened, their
own government would be in danger.
Check for Understanding
A ask B: What was happening in Latin
America during the Monroe
administration?
European monarchies were planning to help Spain
and Portugal regain their colonies that had
successfully fought for their independence.
The Monroe Doctrine
• In December 1823, President Monroe issued a statement
that became known as the Monroe Doctrine.
• He warned that efforts to
reestablish colonies would
be seen as a threat to
American peace and safety.
• He promised that the U.S.
would stay out of European
affairs.
• The Monroe Doctrine
showed that the United
States saw itself as a world
power and protector of Latin
America.
Check for Understanding
B ask A: What was the Monroe
Doctrine?
The Monroe Doctrine was a statement of U.S.
opposition to any European interference in the
Western Hemisphere.
Be sure to re-state the question in your response!
Check for Understanding
B ask A: What
promise did
Monroe make to
European
nations?
President Monroe
promised that the
United States
would stay out of
European affairs.
Be sure to re-state the question in your response!
Get your whiteboards
and markers ready!
24. What was the main message of
the Monroe Doctrine?
A. The United States would no longer honor the
Treaty of Ghent.
B. The United States should annex Canada.
C. Latin America was closed to further colonization
by Europe.
D. The United States should annex Latin America.
24. To whom was the Monroe
Doctrine directed?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Territories of the United States
Latin American nations
European nations
Canada and Mexico