Transcript 9-2 PowerPoint

Chapter 9, Section 2
Nationalism and Sectionalism
• As you have learned in previous chapters, each
section of the country had very different
socioeconomic interests
– North: Business, Commerce, Industry
– South: Agriculture, plantation farming, labor force of
slaves
– West: Expansion, settlement, and development
• These very different interests are going to play a
large role in the outbreak of the Civil War.
• Pay close attention to the developments,
economy, and culture of these sections of the
nation
Growing Nationalism
• Nationalism
– Feelings of pride and loyalty to a nation
– Henry Clay
• Representative from Kentucky
• Believed a strong national economy would
promote nationalism and reduce regional conflicts
• Developed the American System
– Series of measures intended to make the United States
economically self-sufficient
Growing Nationalism
• American System
– Establish a protective tariff
• A tariff is a tax on imported goods that protects a
nation’s businesses from foreign competition
– Made European goods more expensive than Americanmade products
– Establish a national bank
• Promote a single currency
– Made trade easier
– Improve the country’s transportation
system
• Important for a strong economy
• Poor roads made transportation slow and
expensive
Growing Nationalism
• Some members of Congress believed that
the Constitution did not permit the federal
government to spend money on internal
improvements
• Clay argued that the possible gains for the
country justified federal action
Roads and Canals
• Early 1800’s-most roads made of dirt,
making travel difficult.
• To improve roads, Congress invested in
road building
– Cumberland Road
• First road built by the federal government
• From Cumberland, MD to Wheeling (modern day
West Virginia)
• Workers had to cut a 66 ft wide band, at times
through forest
– Used shovels and pickaxes to dig a 12-18” roadbed
– Work had to be done without modern day bulldozers or
steamrollers
Roads and Canals
• Americans also tried to make water
transportation easier by building canals
• Erie Canal
– Ran from Albany to Buffalo, New York
– Construction began in 1817 and was completed in
1825
– British, German, and Irish immigrants dug the canal
by hand
– Allowed goods and people to move between towns on
Lake Erie and New York City and the east coast
Era of Good Feelings
•
•
•
1815-1825
Time of peace, pride, and progress
Emphasis on national unity was
strengthened by 2 supreme court cases
1. McCulloch v Maryland
2. Gibbons v Ogden
Era of Good Feelings
– McCulloch v Maryland
•
•
The Supreme Court ruled that a state could not
tax a federal bank
Asserted the implied powers of Congress in
allowing for the creation of a national bank
– Gibbons v Ogden
•
•
The Supreme Court ruled that interstate
commerce could be regulated only by the federal
government
States could not interfere with the power of
Congress to regulate interstate commerce
– Strengthened power of the federal government, which
reflected a growing nationalist spirit
The Missouri Compromise
• Sectionalism
– Loyalty to one’s section of the country
– Disagreements between the different regions of the
United States
• North
• South
• West
• 1819-Missouri applied for statehood
– At the time, there were 11 slave states and 11 free
states
• Adding a new slave state to the Union would disrupt the
balance in the Senate in favor of the South
The Missouri Compromise
• To protect the power of free states, the
House of Representatives passed a
special amendment
– Declared that the United States would accept
Missouri as a slave state but importing
enslaved Africans into Missouri would be
illegal
– Set free the children of Missouri slaves
– This angered Southern politicians
The Missouri Compromise
• The Missouri Compromise
– 3 main conditions
• Missouri admitted to the Union as a slave state
• Maine created and to join the Union as a free
state, keeping the number of free and slave states
equal
• Slavery prohibited in any new territories or states
formed north of 36º30’ latitude-Missouri’s southern
border
The Election of 1824
• Controversy
– Andrew Jackson won the popular election but did not
have enough electoral votes to win
– Per the Constitution, the decision went to the House
of Representatives
– The House chose John Quincy Adams
– Jackson supporters claimed that Adams made a
corrupt bargain with Henry Clay
• Accusations grew louder after Adams chose Clay as his
Secretary of State
– This controversy weakened Adams’s support
Presidential Fact
John Quincy Adams
was the first President
in United States
History to have his
photograph taken.