Transcript JB APUSH Unit IIIB - jbapamh

Era of Good Feelings
Unit IIIB
AP U.S. History
Era of Good Feelings
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James Monroe (D-R) elected President after
James Madison (D-R)
Under increased nationalism and
disintegration of Federalists, nation in good
spirits
Political, economical, and social debates
linger
Growth of American Nationalism
Effect of the “victory” over
Great Britain
 Exciting opportunities with
land and increased
manufacturing
 The arts and education
infused with patriotic
themes

A STRONG Central Government
John Marshall’s Court
 Fletcher v. Peck (1810)
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 Ruled state law unconstitutional
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Martin v. Hunter’s Lessee (1816)
 Ruled Supreme Court’s jurisdiction over state courts

McCulloch v. Maryland (1819)
 Bank of the United States constitutional under “necessary
and proper”
 States could not tax the Bank - Supremacy Clause

Gibbons v. Ogden (1824)
 Increased federal government’s interstate commerce
authority
Democratic-Republicans Fracturing
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Democratic-Republicans split as nation
grows
Old Guard Dem-Reps cling to ideals and
strict interpretation; states’ rights
New Guard Dem-Reps adopt Federalisttype platforms; nationalism
Sectional Representation
The Great Triumvirate

Daniel Webster of
Massachusetts - NORTH
 Henry Clay of Kentucky WEST
 John C. Calhoun of South
Carolina - SOUTH
 Serve as House and
Senate members
 Former War Hawks,
Nationalists
 Calhoun will lean toward
states’ rights later
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Will become dominant
members of the Senate in
1830s and 1840s
America Expands
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Land available in Louisiana Territory and
conquered native lands
 Loans from state banks than Bank of U.S.
 Cheap land sold by government
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Trade restrictions and panics force New
Englanders west
 South demands new fertile land
 Slavery a necessity
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Improved infrastructure makes expanding easier
 Influx of immigrants
Missouri Compromise (1820)
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Given North-South rift, politicians hoped to preserve sectional balance
House dominated by North, but Southern senators could block
legislation
Tallmadge Amendment
 Prohibit more slaves in Missouri
 Free child slaves by 25 years old
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Missouri Compromise by Henry Clay
 Missouri as a slave state
 Maine as a free state
 Latitude 36 30’
America’s Foreign Policy
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Rush-Bagot Agreement (1817)
 naval activity and forts limited between U.S. and
Canada
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Treaty of 1818 with Great Britain
 Fishing rights, 49th parallel northern boundary
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Florida
 Andrew Jackson’s exploits and Seminole Wars
 Florida Purchase Treaty (1819)
 U.S.
acquires Florida, assume Spanish claims
Monroe Doctrine (1823)
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Concerned about European aggression in
the Americas
Americas not subject to colonization
United States gives warning to Europe,
including Great Britain, to not interfere with
sovereign development of the Americas
America’s Market Economy:
Transportation

Transportation
 Toll Roads and Turnpikes
 Cumberland
Road (National Road)
 Canals
 Connected
major waterways and West with East
 Steamboats
 Robert
Fulton and the Clermont (1807)
 Railroads
 Based
on steam energy and slowly developing in
Northeast
Cumberland Road
Erie Canal (1825)
America Connected
The Clermont
America’s Market Economy:
Industrialism
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Most textile and production at home or by skilled artisans in Northeast
Putting-out system
 Merchants bought raw materials and hired farm families to produce goods for selling
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Innovation
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Cotton gin
Spinning jenny
Steam power
Interchangeable parts
Factory System
 High production with use of machines and new technologies
 Opened doors for unskilled labor and urbanization
 Artisans pressured by high demand and forced to work in factories
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Lowell System
 Recruited young women to work in textile factories and live in dormitories
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Trade Unions
 Poor working conditions, low pay, and long hours led to development of unions
Innovations
Spinning jenny
Steam engine
Interchangeable parts
America’s Market Economy:
Commercial Agriculture
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Innovation increased agricultural production
 Iron and steel plows
 Grain cradle
 Variety of crops and livestock
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Western expansion and new fertile land
 Grain center moved from New York and Pennsylvania to Ohio to
Illinois
 North based on grain
 Upper South based on tobacco
 Deep South based on King Cotton
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South Carolina with rice; Louisiana with sugar
Improved transportation
 Established market networks and credit
America’s Market Economy:
Federal Policies and Banking
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Increased manufacturing due to trade restrictions and war
Tariff of 1816
 Protective tariff
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The American System by Henry Clay
 Protective tariffs
 National bank
 Infrastructure
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Credit and Banking
 farmers earning credit leading to necessity of banks
 State banks issued paper notes for specie (gold and silver)
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Panic of 1819
 Bank of U.S. reduced interest rates to control inflation
 Land speculation and recession hits the West hard
United States c. 1824