Transcript Nationalism
Section 2 Nationalism at Center Stage Nationalism exerts a strong influence in the courts, foreign affairs, and westward expansion in the early 1800s. NEXT SECTION 2 Nationalism at Center Stage The Supreme Court Boosts National Power Strengthening Government Economic Control • Gibbons v. Ogden: federal government controls interstate commerce; • McCulloch v. Maryland: states cannot overturn laws passed by Congress (MD tried to heavily tax a local branch of the Bank of the US) --Ruled that Congress has implied powers under the constitution; weakens states’ rights argument Limiting State Powers • Marshall Court blocks state interference in business, commerce • Fletcher v. Peck: voids Georgia law violating individual rights to make contracts • Dartmouth College v. Woodward: state cannot interfere with contracts NEXT SECTION 2 Nationalism Shapes Foreign Policy Territory and Boundaries • Nationalism—national interests come before region, foreign concerns • Secretary of State John Quincy Adams guided by nationalism over regional interests - makes treaties with Britain on Great Lakes, borders, territories • Spain cedes Florida to U.S. in Adams-Onís Treaty - gives up claim to Oregon Territory -keeps its claims to all lands west of Texas Continued . . . NEXT Adams-Onis Treaty In the provisions, the United States ceded to Spain its claims to Texas west of the Sabine River. Spain retained possession not only of Texas, but also California and the vast region of New Mexico. At the time, these two territories included all of present-day California and New Mexico along with modern Nevada, Utah, Arizona and sections of Wyoming and Colorado. The treaty -- which was not ratified by the United States and the new republic of Mexico until 1831 -- also mandated that Spain relinquish its claims to the country of Oregon north of the 42 degrees parallel (the northern border of California). Later, in 1824, Russia would also abandon its claim to Oregon south of 54’40,’ (the southern border of Alaska.) SECTION 2 continued Nationalism Shapes Foreign Policy The Monroe Doctrine • Europe has colonial designs on Latin America and elsewhere in the Americas • Spain, Portugal claim old colonies; Russia has trading posts in CA • Monroe Doctrine (1823) warns Europe not to interfere in Americas - 4 major points 1) The United States would not get involved in European affairs 2) The United States would not interfere with existing European colonies in the Western Hemisphere 3) No other nation could form a new colony in the Western Hemisphere 4) If a European nation tried to control or interfere with a nation in the Western Hemisphere, the United States would view it as a hostile act against this nation NEXT Monroe Doctrine The political system of the allied powers is essentially different in this respect from that of America. This difference proceeds from that which exists in their respective Governments; and to the defense of our own, which has been achieved by the loss of so much blood and treasure, and matured by the wisdom of their most enlightened citizens, and under which we have enjoyed unexampled felicity, this whole nation is devoted. We owe it, therefore, to candor and to the amicable relations existing between the United States and those powers to declare that we should consider any attempt on their part to extend their system to any portion of this hemisphere as dangerous to our peace and safety. SECTION 2 Nationalism Pushes America West Expansion to the West • Most settlers go west for land, economic opportunity • Possible to change jobs The Missouri Compromise • When territory’s population reaches 60,000 may apply for statehood • Missouri Compromise—preserves balance between slave, free states (11 each) - Maine admitted into Union as free state, Missouri as slave state - divides Louisiana Territory at 3630’ line: slavery legal in south NEXT Missouri Compromise Thomas Jefferson expressed his opinion on the Missouri Compromise in a letter to John Holms dated April 22, 1820. Jefferson writes that the Missouri question, "like a fire bell in the night, awakened and filled me with terror. I considered it at once as the knell of the Union." Jefferson wrote that the "Missouri question aroused and filled me with alarm...I have been among the most sanguine in believing that our Union would be of long duration. I now doubt it much."