Transcript AP United States History

AP United States History
Review #8
Nationalism and Economic
Development
Effects of the War of 1812
• U.S. gained respect of other nations
• Federalist party came to an end
• U.S. took steps toward industrial selfsufficiency
• Andrew Jackson and William Henry
Harrison become political leaders
• Rise of nationalism
• Future of the U.S. lay in the west (Manifest
Destiny)
Era of Good Feelings
• Described James Monroe’s two terms in
office (1817-1825)
• One party in power – DemocraticRepublicans
Sectionalism
• Loyalty to a part of the nation but not the
nation as a whole
• Especially true of the interests of the
North, South, and West
James Monroe
•
•
•
•
•
5th president – 1817-1825
Supported growing nationalism
Acquired Florida (Adams-Onis Treaty)
Missouri Compromise
Monroe Doctrine
Cultural Nationalism
• Era of unlimited prosperity
• Westward expansion
• Promoted in art by Gilbert Stuart, Charles
Wilson Peale, and John Trumball
• Parson Mason Weems wrote about
Washington
• Expanding public education promoted
patriotism
Economic Nationalism
• Protecting U.S. industries and subsidizing
internal improvements
• Tariff of 1816 – first protective tariff to protect
against British goods. Supported by South and
West. New England opposed
• Henry Clay’s American System – protective
tariffs (1816), national bank (1816 – Second
Bank of United States), internal improvements.
First two already in, last would be viewed as
unconstitutional.
Panic of 1819
•
•
•
•
•
•
Caused by Second Bank of U.S.
Tightened credit to control inflation
State banks closed
Value of money fell
Unemployment, bankruptcies, debtors’ prison
Worst in West – call for land reform, opposition
to BUS, and debtors’ prison
• Nationalism shaken
Decisions of the Marshall Court
• Fletcher v. Peck (1810) – declared a state
law unconstitutional
• Dartmouth College v. Woodward –
contract for a private corporation could not
be altered by the state
• McCulloch v. Maryland – U.S. government
had implied powers to create BUS
• Gibbons v. Ogden – federal government
controls interstate commerce
Missouri Compromise (1820)
• Tallmadge amendment
– No further slaves in Missouri
– Slave children freed at 25
Henry clay proposes Missouri Compromise
– Missouri a slave state
– Maine as free state
– No slavery north of 36 30
– Preserves the sectional balance
– Increased sectionalism
Rush-Bagot Agreement (1817)
• Limited naval armaments on the Great
Lakes b/t US and Great Britain
Florida Purchase Treaty (1819)
• AKA Adams-Onis Treaty
• Spain gave Florida and all claims to
Oregon territory
Monroe Doctrine (1823)
• British wanted to be in it with us
• Sec. of State John Adams advised against
it b/c Britain would restrict U.S.
opportunities for further expansion
• Doctrine declared the US was opposed to
any foreign intervention in the W.
hemisphere
National (Cumberland) Road
• Maryland to Illinois
• Used federal and state money to build it
Erie Canal (1825)
• Linked western farmers to eastern markets
in New York
• Canals stimulated trade, improved
transportation, and lower food prices
Robert Fulton
• Steamboat travel
• Made shipping faster and cheaper
Eli Whitney
• Cotton gin made cotton profitable
• Increase in slavery
• Interchangeable parts
Samuel Slater
• Established first factory with cottonspinning machines
Factory System
• New England
• Ran on water system
• Banking and insurance grew as a result
Lowell System
• Used women in factories and housed them
in dorms
Unions
• Around by 1790s
• Discontent among factory workers
• Wanted a ten hour work day
Market Revolution
• Specialized jobs on farms, growth of cities,
industrialization, and modern capitalism
• Female labor increased – domestic labor
or teaching
• Wages improved for most workers and
greater economic opportunities
• Slavery grew as a result of the increased
value of slavery