Transcript PPT 1 - Henry County Schools

What are the key issues and
events that led to the Civil War?
Day 1
Slavery
States’ Rights
Nullification
Missouri
Compromise
Compromise of
1850
Georgia Platform
Kansas-Nebraska
Act
Dred Scott Case
Election of 1860
Debate over the
Secession in
Georgia
Role of Alexander
Stephens
Differences
As the United States grew, clear
differences showed up between the
NORTH and the SOUTH.
◊Political
◊Cultural
◊Economic
◊Social
SOUTH
• Agriculture
• Fertile Soil
• Warmer Climate
• Plantations
• Farms
• Rural
• Self Sufficient
• Expect Little Government Help
NORTH
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Industry
Rocky Soil
Colder Climate
Factories
Cities
Urban
Interdependent
Expect More Government Help
Resources
of the
North &
South
POPULATION
(22,300,000)
5,100,000
Non-Slaves
4,000,000
Slaves
Changes in Cotton Production
1820
1860
Value of Cotton Exports
As % of All US Exports
States’
Rights
Structure
(Classes)
Secession
Selection
of
Lincoln
Causes of
Civil War
(8 Ss)
Sectionalism
Solvency
(Ability to
Pay Debt)
Style
Slavery
Causes of the Civil War
States’ Rights
Structure (Classes)
Solvency (Ability to Pay Debt)
Style (Urban vs. Rural)
Slavery
Sectionalism
Selection of Lincoln
Secession
SOUTH
Believed that
states had the
right to rule
themselves
NORTH
Believed in a
strong
national
government
SOUTH
NORTH
Government created by Government created
the states.
by the people.
States have the right to Only the Supreme
reject laws that would Court can declare a
hurt them.
law unconstitutional.
Since states voluntarily
joined the Union, they
could voluntarily leave
–secede.
Only the people of the
US could dissolve the
Union. Attempting to
destroy the Union was
treason.
Even though the United States
had been established decades
earlier, many people still felt
that the states should have
FINAL AUTHORITY, not the
federal government.
vs.
FARMERS WITH
SLAVES
FREE BLACKS
SLAVES
Southern Population
SOUTH
Based on
agriculture,
including
cotton,
tobacco, and
rice. Cotton
was shipped
north to make
cloth and
thread.
NORTH
Based on
factories,
mining, banks,
stores, and
railroads.
Southern Agriculture
Tariffs
Made in Northern
United States
Cost = $50
+$20 Import Tax
Made in Great
Britain
Cost = $70
 Northerners wanted to sell their goods
in the South, but it was often cheaper
for Southerners to buy things from
Europe.
 To help Northern industries, President
Andrew Jackson put a tariff (taxes on
imports) on imported goods in 1828.
 This made European goods very
expensive, so Southerners would have
to buy from Northern States.
South
North
Favored high tariffs
Favored low
tariffs because
on goods from
they bought so other countries so
many goods
goods
from other
manufactured in
countries.
North cost less
and would outsell
foreign goods.
Nullification Controversy
Nullify = to declare invalid.
Many people, including
Georgians, wanted to NULLIFY
the federal tariff, saying that it
was not valid in their state.
South Carolina
Threatens to Secede!
• Because a new tariff was too high.
• Began to arm themselves and hold practice
drills.
Compromise Tariff Law
• Reduced Tariff over a 10 year period.
• Please South Carolinians.
• Protests Ended.
Panic of 1857
• Depression hit the
country
• Before this time,
Northern Industrialists
built their factories with
borrowed money.
• Nearly 5,000 went
bankrupt.
• Factory owners asked
Congress to pass higher
tariffs to stop British
goods from being sold in
the United States.
• Debates followed…
South
North
RURAL
Had few large
cities other
than
Richmond,
Charleston,
Savannah,
Augusta.
URBAN
Had a number
of large cities
offering
museums,
opera,
lectures,
theaters.
South
North
Many private schools,
No formal
educational
including churchsystem in the
sponsored schools,
South. Private
accepted both boys
tutors or school
and girls. Some
abroad were
private schools
options for upper
were open to both.
class. Some
community
Private universities
schools but
such as Brown,
teachers were not
Harvard, and Yale
usually trained.
were opening.
Some statechartered
universities such
as UGA.