Transcript File - Mr. Jones Texas History

Causes of the Civil War
IMPORTANT
VOCABULARY!
POPULAR SOVEREIGNTY –
A VOTE where the people decide
on an issue. (I.E. – slavery)
COMPROMISE –
An agreement reached between
two sides where both sides have
to “give up” something,.
MORE VOCAB.
FUGITIVE –
A person who has gone
against or broken the law
and is on the loose.
SECEDE To remove or break away as
the Southern states did
from the Union.
MORE VOCAB.
ABOLITIONIST –
A person who works to bring an end
to or believes in NO slavery. Often
they try and help slaves to freedom.
/encarta.msn.com/media
SECTIONALISM –
The belief that your part of the
country is the BEST. You put your
part of the country’s needs in front
of what is best for the WHOLE
nation.
MORE VOCAB.
• NULLIFY:
– Make legally null and void; invalidate.
– Make of no use or value; cancel out.
• TARIFF:
– A tax
– Often on foreign goods (goods from out of the
country)
STUDY GUIDE for
CAUSES OF THE CIVIL
WAR!
COMPROMISE OF 1850
• COMPROMISE AGAIN IN 1850!
• This time it includes 5 parts!
 1.) California enters as a FREE
state.
 2.) Area won from the Mexican
War divided into Utah and New
Mexico. Slavery issue to be
decided by POPULAR
SOVEREIGNTRY. (popular vote)
 3.) ENDED slave trade in
Washington D.C.
 4.) Made a STRICT Fugitive
Slave Law
 5.) Settled border problems
between New Mexico and Texas.
FUGITIVE SLAVE LAW
• This law was part of the
compromise of 1850.
• It was a law that REQUIRED all
citizens to catch runaway slaves.
• If a person did not comply, they
cold be fined up to $1000 or put in
jail for SIX months.
• Judges received $10 if they
returned a slave and $5 if they
freed them.
• MANY blacks who were free
were captured and sent back into
slavery.
• Northerners HATED this law
because it forced them to become
a part of the system of slavery.
UNCLE TOM’S CABIN (1852)
• This was a NOVEL written
by Harriett Beecher Stowe.
• It was written to show the
EVILS of slavery by telling
the story of an older slave
who was whipped to death
by his owner.
• After reading it, MANY
Northerners began to
change their view of
slavery.
• Southerners said the book
was full of LIES!
DRED SCOTT DECISION (1857)
• Dred Scott was a slave.
• He had lived in a free territory with
his owner.
• His owner moved back into a slave
state.
• While there, the owner died.
• Dred Scott had ABOLITIONIST
attorneys file a law suit for him
saying since he had lived in a free
state he was a free man.
• It went to the Supreme Court but he
LOST.
• The Court ruled he was NOT a
citizen but RATHER property and
therefore he could not file a lawsuit.
LINCOLN-DOUGLASS DEBATE
(1858)
• Lincoln and Douglas debated!
• Douglass believed in deciding
slavery by popular sovereignty.
• Lincoln believed that slavery
should NOT be allowed to
spread into the territories.
http://encarta.msn.com/media
• Lincoln ALSO believed the
Nation could not survive if the
fighting continued to rip the
Union apart with the slavery
issue.
ELECTION OF 1860
• Lincoln ran against Douglass in
the Presidential Election of 1860.
• The Southern states did not like
Lincoln or what he believed in.
They overwhelmingly supported
Douglass yet Lincoln STILL got
elected.
http://www.multied.com/elections/1860.html
• Southerners grew very angry.
Said this showed it did not matter
what their opinions were, the
North had to much power!
• The Southern States began to
secede from the USA and formed
the Confederate States of
America.
Andrew Jackson
• 7th President of the United States
• Fought nullification
– Thought that states nullifying federal laws
weakened the Union
• Recommended that Congress reduce the
Tariff of 1828
– But they passed another tariff in 1832
John C. Calhoun
• Vice President under Andrew Jackson
• Believed the Tariff of 1828 was unconstitutional since it
favored the North
• Insisted that states had a right to refuse to follow a law if
the state felt it violated its rights (States Rights)
– States could declare a federal law null and void
– Nullify = reject the law
– He and many other Southerners called the 1828 tariff
a “Tariff of Abominations”
Nullification Ordinance (Crisis)
• South Carolina was not pleased with the
new tariff either. They said it was
oppressive, so the state passed the
Nullification Ordinance in 1832.
• Declared the Tariffs of 1828 and 1832
null and void
• Stated they would secede if the federal
government used force to make them
comply.
JACKSON’S RESPONSE
• Claimed secession would be considered
treason
• Defended the federal government’s power
to impose tariffs
• Jackson actually sends federal troops to
prevent South Carolina from seceding.
Force Bill
• Jackson asked Congress to grant him the
ability to use military force to compel
South Carolina to accept and follow the
law -- The Force Bill
• Meanwhile Henry Clay proposed another
tariff in Congress that would reduce tariffs
significantly over the next ten years –
Compromise Tariff
• Both of these passed in 1833, and South
Carolina repealed its ordinance.
The Economies of the North and
South
• Economy of the North (Industrialization)
– Fishing, shipbuilding industry and naval supplies,
trade and port cities
– Skilled craftsmen, shopkeepers, manufacturing
(textiles, tools,
metals, building materials, etc.)
• Economy of the South (Agriculture)
– Large farms/plantations, cash crops
(tobacco, indigo, rice, cotton), wood
products, small farms
– Slavery
Questions to Answer
• List the pros and cons of the impending
Nullification Crisis. (T-Chart)
• Who do you predict will support this new
law, and who will oppose this tariff?