Transcript The American System - Nutley Public Schools

Westward Expansion
A changing United States
Industrial Revolution
• Began in 18th century Great Britain
• Many of the same resources found in
the US
– American trade came to a halt with
blockades
– Americans needed to invest their capital
– Develop industries for manufacturing
New England Industrializes
• Changed from port
cities to
manufacturing
• 1793: Samuel
Slater- first
mechanized textile
factory in America
– Cotton Millmanufactured thread
Slater Mill
New England
Industrializes
• 1813-mechanized
all stages in cloth
manufacturing
• 1822: Lowell Mills
opened
– Attracted
thousands
– Offer cash wages
Agriculture Differences
• North
• Small areas of
farm land
• Mostly SelfSufficient
• Little demand for
slaves
• South
• Remained
agricultural center
of country
• Cotton Gin:
accelerated
expansion of slavery
Eli Whitney’s Cotton Gin
• Before Cotton Gin
workers cleaned 1
lb. of cotton per
day
• After 1 worker
cleaned 50 lbs.
per day
The American System
• 1815: Plan designed to
unite national
economic interest
• North: produce goods
the South & West
would buy
• South & West: raise
grain & meat for
North to buy
The American System
* Tariff of 1816
* Second Bank of the
U. S.
*Internal improvements
at federal expense.
- National Road
Henry Clay,
“The Great
Compromiser”
The American System
* WEST  got roads, canals, and
federal aide.
EAST  got the backing of
protective tariffs from the
West.
Tariff of 1816
• Tariff - put in place to take away the
foreign advantage
– Would pay for roads, canals & lighthouses
• North: liked idea b/c it helped their
manufacturing
• South: disagreed b/c they did not depend
on manufacturing
Second National Bank of the
US
• National bank would benefit all regions
• Regions were issuing their own money
– Banks & businesses only honored their regional
currency
• Made business difficult
• 1816: Second National Bank creates
national currency
– 20 year charter
Internal Improvements: Erie
Canal
• 363 miles long
• Links the Hudson River
to Lake Erie
• Canal tolls paid for
construction in 12
years
• Made NYC dominant
port of country
• Other states build
3,000 miles of canal by
1837
Election of 1816
• James Monroe of
Virginia elected
• Last leader of
revolutionary
generation to be
elected
• During
administration
country grew at
amazing rate
John Quincy Adams
• Secretary of State
• Lets national
interest guide
foreign policy
Nationalism & Foreign Policy
• Security & Expansion
• British
– Demilitarize common border
– Border at 49th parallel up to the Rockies
– Jointly occupy Oregon Territory
• Spanish
– Adams-Onis Treaty (1819)
• Ceded Florida to United States
Missouri Compromise
• 1820
• Missouri wanted to join union as a
slave state
• Maine joins as a free state
– Preserves the Balance in Senate
Monroe Doctrine-1823
• Renewal of European interest in Western
Hemisphere
– Caused Monroe to adopt a nationalist foreign
policy
• During a message to Congress Monroe
warned:
– European countries not to interfere in Western
hemisphere affairs
Adams Foreign Policy