Transcript COMPETENCY GOAL 2: Expansion and Reform (1801

U.S. HISTORY
Goal 2
Review








COMPETENCY GOAL 2: Expansion and Reform
(1801-1850) - The learner will assess the
competing forces of expansionism, nationalism,
and sectionalism.
Objectives
2.01 Analyze the effects of territorial expansion and the
admission of new states to the Union.
2.02 Describe how the growth of nationalism and
sectionalism were reflected in art, literature, and
language.
2.03 Distinguish between the economic and social
issues that led to sectionalism and nationalism.
2.04 Assess political events, issues, and personalities
that contributed to sectionalism and nationalism.
2.05 Identify the major reform movements and
evaluate their effectiveness.
2.06 Evaluate the role of religion in the debate over
slavery and other social movements and issues.
Samuel Worcester, a missionary, defied Georgia through
peaceful means to protest the state's handling of
Cherokee lands. Worcester filed a lawsuit against the
state that went all the way to the Supreme Court,
where the Cherokee won the case. President Andrew
Jackson would not up hold the supreme court ruling
and forced the Cherokees to move from their
homelands despite Chief Justice John Marshall ruling
supreme court ruling.
President Andrew
Jackson created the
spoils system by
giving his unqualified
supporters positions
in federal
government, this
system was later
overturned by
Pendleton civil service
reform act.
Content Issues: Andrew Jackson
 Destroyed the bank of the United States
 Created the spoils system
 Forced the Cherokee to leave Georgia on the
trail of tears
 Overruled Worster vs. Georgia

President, Jackson
greatly expanded the
power of white men
by eliminating the
voting requirement
for white men his
presidential tenure
was known as the
period of the
common man.
Andrew Jackson
opened his
inauguration to
regular (Common
people) folks

“I believe that
banking institutions
are more dangerous
to our liberties than
standing armies ...
The issuing power
should be taken from
the banks and
restored to the
Government, to
whom it properly
belongs." Andrew
Jackson




Content Issues: Quakers and the Inner light
The abolitionist movement contributed to the ongoing
conflict between the North and the South.
Intensified the sectional conflict between the North and
the South was largely centered around the issue of
slavery.
The extension of slavery into the western territories,
became a central issue and a major cause of the Civil
War.
Content Issues: Abolitionist wanted to free
slaves
 William Lloyd Garrison, attacked southern slave
owners by condemning slavery on moral
grounds and demanding immediate
emancipation and racial equality of all enslaved
persons in America.

Reformers led by
Dorothea Dix led the
way to more modern
treatment of the
mentally ill.
 Dorothea Dix was an
extremely influential
reformer of the
period. Her work led
to prison reform and
improved treatment
of the insane. In
1843 Dix sent the
following report to
the Massachusetts
legislature.




Content Issue:
Horace Mann was a pioneer in the reform of the
American public educational system.
Horace Mann had a vision to establish the most
comprehensive and complete educational system
possible for the children and teachers. His
educational reforms had a profound effect on the
United States public education system.
A special Note from Mr. Freeland: Many young people are under a
false [E.V.O.L] impression that education is supposed to be fun, if
school was designed for total enjoyment, it would lose its’ historical
foundation, which was to educate the hearts and minds of people
in an effort to bring about social equality in America and rid society
of SIN and oppression, during the 1800’s Education Reform
Movement led by Horace Mann.

Education
Led by Horace Mann,
the great educational
reformer, a
movement was led to
create mandatory
public education in
America. After
several centuries of
struggle his ideas
were eventually
implemented
throughout America.

Elizabeth Cady
Stanton 1848
Convention, and for
the next fifty years
played a leadership
role in the women's
rights movement.
Along with her friend
Susan B. Anthony,
Stanton was for many
years the architect
and author of the
movement's most
important strategies
and documents.
Content Issues: Second Great Awakening
 Women led the temperance movement
 temperance advocates were women
 Christian women played a role in helping
those people who have become consumed by
immoral acts redeem themselves.

Content Issues: Cotton Gin
 made it profitable for southern planters to
extend enslavement further south and west
 Cotton Gin caused an increase in the amount
of enslaved persons needed to labor in
cotton fields


Eli Whitney's 1793
invention of the cotton gin
reduced the time and Slave
labor needed to process the
crop. The result: a boom in
cotton production and a
surging demand for more
slave labor to pick it,
Southern planters desired
to move westward which
caused sectionalism
between the North and
South due to the increased
need for more slave labor




Content Issues: Internal Improvements
Henry Clay wanted to link the Mississippi with the Great
Lakes
Create a trancontential railroad transportation network
for shipping goods
Build canal, roads, ships and trains that would connect
the country.
Content Issues Hudson River school
 Each painting focused on the beauty, size,
and abundance of the U.S. landscape
 Express the feelings of Nationalism
 To promote the imagery of the United States


Transcendentalism was a movement that supported the
ideas of civil disobedience taught by Thoreau

Ralph Waldo Emerson, “We are a community of Free Thinkers
dedicated to Self-Reliance by mastering our ability to think, know and
decide for ourselves”

Transcendentalism broke away from the rigid
interpretation of the biblical laws



Content Issues: Expansion 0f Slavery
While slavery was developing in the South of the
United States, the North continued to develop its
industry, especially in cotton textiles.
By 1860 there were some 1,800,000 hired workers
employed in industry and transport and some 800,000
farm laborers.




Content Issue: Western Expansion
Manifest Destiny was a phrase that expressed the belief that the United
States was destined to expand from the Atlantic seaboard to the Pacific
Ocean.
Manifest Destiny advocated for or justify other territorial acquisitions.
Advocates believed that expansion was not only good, but that it was
obvious ("manifest") and certain ("destiny").
American expansion was good for democracy because
people in the western frontier actively participated in
the political process
Content issues
 Mormons and Irish
are forced to
migrate west due to
religious persecution
in the mid-1800,s
 These groups
moving west
Chinese, Japanese
and Blacks, were
used as cheap labor
sources during
western expansion.


The Missouri Compromise was a plan settled on by the
United States Congress in 1820. It was designed to settle
the debate over slavery in the Louisiana Territory. The plan
temporarily took care of the balance between free and
slave states. It brought Maine in as a free state while
Missouri came in as a slave state. No slavery was permitted
north of the 36' 36 degree line.
Content Issues: Texas Annexation
 Major Problems Texas would be free or Slave
state
 Southerns wanted controlling interest in
congress to increase their slave power
 More slave states than free states



Content Issues: Expansion of slavery
The next year in the Senate Calhoun and Daniel
Webster opposed each other over slavery and states'
rights in a famous debate. In 1844 President John Tyler
appointed Calhoun secretary of state. In later years he
was reelected to the Senate, where he supported the
Texas Annexation and defeated the Wilmot Proviso,
Free labor Freeland, and Freemen. (Virginia and
Content issues: John C. Calhoun
 Increased Northern and Southern sectional
tensions over the issue of Enslavement
 Nullification doctrine suggesting southern
states could nullify federal laws that abridge
states rights leading to southern succession

Content Issues:
 Western Expansion had the greatest impact on
the exploitation of Native Americans
 Native Americans were forced to assimilate into
white society

Content issues:
 Oregon Territory 54-40 fight or flight
 Mexican Cession Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo
 Gadsden purchase set the borders of the US
 Louisiana Purchase – native American lands
