Transcript Chapter 9
Chapter 9 A New National Identity Disputes with Great Britain • Border between Canada and the United States – Great Lakes – Both countries wanted fishing rights and their navies • Compromise: – Rush-Bagot Agreement – Convention of 1818: set the border at 49° N latitude all the way west to the Rocky Mts. Disputes with Spain • Argued over the border with Spanish Florida • Newly elected President, James Monroe: – Sent his Secretary of State John Quincy Adams to negotiate with the Spanish – Sent General Andrew Jackson to secure the border First Seminole War • Seminole Indians raided American towns • Assisted runaway slaves • Jackson invades Spanish held Florida – Captures most of the Spanish forts – Overthrows the governor of Florida – Was never authorized by President Monroe Adam-Onis Treaty • Jackson’s “invasion” convinced Spain to negotiate • The United States receives Florida in exchange for giving up its claims to Texas Spanish Colonies • Spanish colonies rebel • Men like Simon Bolivar “the Liberator” lead struggles for independence • These revolutions were similar to that of the 13 colonies and had a lot of public support from U.S. citizens • As Mexico (and others) became independent Monroe and Adams feared European interests in Latin America • During a speech Secretary of State John Quincy Adams implies U.S. support of the newly independent countries • He does however say that the United States would not fight their battles. • Great Britain was also concerned about European interference in Latin America – Why? Monroe Doctrine • Issued by President Monroe on December 2, 1823 • Four Points: – The United States would not interfere in the affairs of European Nations – The United States would recognize, and not interfere with, European colonies that already existed in North and South America – The Western Hemisphere was to be off-limits to future colonization by any foreign power – The United States would consider any European power’s attempt to colonize or interfere with Nations in the Western Hemisphere to be a Hostile Act Effects and Consequences of the Monroe Doctrine Growing Nationalism • What is nationalism? – Feelings of pride and loyalty to a nation – Strongly supported by men like Henry Clay • Henry Clay: – Representative from Kentucky – Developed the American System Infrastructure • Roads: – Dirt roads – How does this make travel dificult? – Government begins to create roads. What gives Congress this power – The Cumberland Road will eventually stretch from Cumberland, Maryland all the way to Illinois – Nations first “highways” • Canals: – Purpose? – Erie Canal • from Albany to Buffalo • Connected the Great Lakes with the east coast (NYC in particular) Era of Good Feelings • A time of peace, pride, and progress • Peace: – Peace with England growing friendship based on trade – Peace with Spain to busy fighting aginst its rebellious colonies – Peace with France devastated by the Napoleonic Wars • Pride: – Fought off the British during the War of 1812 – The Louisiana Purchase doubled the size of the nation – Acquired Florida from Spain • Progress: – Creation of roads and canals – Economy is booming trade with Europe has increased due to large scale devastation as a result of the Napoleonic Wars • Large immigration from Europe provides the U.S. with a surplus of labor Federal Government • Gains more power as a result of two Supreme Court Cases • McCulloch vs. Maryland: – 1819 – Court determined that Congress did have implied power. From Where? – In particular the power to create a national bank • Gibbons vs. Ogden: – Court determined that States could not interfere with the regulation of interstate commerce by Congress? Growing Sectionalism • Sectionalism: disagreements between different regions – North vs. South – Free vs. Slave • Missouri applies to join the Union as a slave state – Disrupted the balance between slave and free states – 11 free states vs. 11 slave states – Adding Missouri tips the balance in Congress. How? Missouri Compromise Missouri Compromise • Settled the conflict • Passed in 1820 • Three main conditions: – Missouri would enter the Union as a slave state. – Maine would join the Union as a free states – Slavery is prohibited in any new territories north of 36°30’ latitude, this would also be Missouri’s southern border