Transcript The Crusades

The Crusades
Chapter 5
Sec. 1
Causes of the Crusades
• The Seljuk Turks gained control pf
Palestine.
– They threatened the Byzantine Empire and
they asked the Pope Urban II for help.
• Urban learned that Christian pilgrims had been
persecuted by the Turks.
– Pope Urban wanted to get Palestine back
from the Seljuk.
• He called on the lords of Europe to stop the fight
between themselves and to take back the Holy
Land.
Reasons for Going on the
Crusades
• Some went to save their souls.
– They believed that if they died while on the
Crusade they would go to heaven..
• Some Knights went to gain land and
wealth.
• Merchants saw it as a chance to make
money.
The First Crusade
• Lasted from 1096 to 1099.
• French and Italian Lords lead armies.
• They were poorly prepared for the trip.
– Little food, poor supply lines and hot wool clothes.
• The Crusaders captured Antioch and Jerusalem.
– The Turks were fighting among themselves.
– The Crusaders massacred the Muslim and Jewish
inhabitants in Jerusalem.
– Four small states were set up and fiefs were handed
out.
– Trade sprang up between Europe and Middle East.
Second Crusade
• By 1146 the Turks united their forces.
– They took back many of the cities that were
captured.
• In 1147, the Second Crusade began.
– Lead by King Louis VII of France and German
King Conrad III.
– After two years of fighting, the two kings failed
to re-capture the land taken by the Turks.
Third Crusade
• From 1189 to 1192, Barbarossa of HRE,
King Phillip of Fr. And King Richard of Eng.
– Barbarossa died on the way down.
– Phillip and Richard fought over whose plan to
use.
• Phillip went home and Richard stayed.
• Did not re-capture Jerusalem, signed a treaty with
Saladin.
• Allowed Christians to enter Jerusalem freely.
The Fourth Crusade
• Pope Innocent III had French knight
gathered to fight.
– Left for Holy Lands in 1202.
– 1204, the Crusaders attacked Constantinople.
• Took all that was valuable.
• They were influenced by Venetian traders.
The Children's Crusade.
• In 1212, Young children from across
Europe decided to march to the Holy Land
and recapture it.
– They were little prepared for the trip.
• When they reached the coast. They were more of
a hungry mob.
• Pope sent most home
• Others were tricked into boat that sold them into
slavery.
The Results of the Crusades
• All of the Crusades failed except for the First Crusade.
• Weapons --– The Crossbow was utilized. Very powerful bow. Replaced
traditional bow.
• Political Changes –
– Many powerful Feudal Lords died in Crusades.
– This helped the Kings to become stronger.
– The Christian Church also became more powerful.
• Ideas and Trade –
– Crusaders exchanged ideas with one another and the Muslims.
• These Ideas helped enrich Europe's Culture.
– Italian cities also became the center for trade with the Middle
East.