Transcript The Crusades - Cobb Learning

The Crusades
1095-1204 CE
The Crusades:
“Rid the Holy Land of the “Infidel”
• Late 1000’s, holy land captured by
Seljuk Turks (Muslim rulers of Asia
Minor and Palestine)
– Made travel unsafe, chaos
• 1095-Byzantine Emperor requested
aid from pope – Constantinople was
threatened and Christian pilgrims
were persecuted
A. The First Crusade
1. 1095- Pope Urban II called for
volunteer army to take Jerusalem from
Turks
2. Knights and peasants promised
salvation if they died a martyr’s death
3. 1099-Jerusalem taken and a
Crusader state established in Palestine and
Syria
13 different attempts
1096- 1291
B. Second Crusade 1147-1149
Failure
C. The Kings Crusade (3rd):
1189-1192
1. Richard
I (Lionheart) only king to
reach holy land. England in chaos
during his absence.
2. Saladin led Muslims in capturing
and defending Jerusalem; Saladin
didn’t surrender the city, but allowed
Christian pilgrims safe passage.
300,000 Dead!!
Other Crusades
– Other crusades
launched with
limited success
– 1212-“Children’s
Crusade” –most
died or were
enslaved
Results of Crusades
1.Military Results:
Europeans learned to use:
the crossbow
carrier pigeons
siege technique
catapults
gunpowder
2.
Political Results:
-strengthened the central power of the kings
-weakened the power of the nobles
WEAKENED
FEUDALISM
3. Economic results
• Strengthened trade
• Encouraged the growth of cities
• Italian cities led the way, especially Venice
and Genoa
• Increased technological knowledge from
contacts with the Muslim World
– Better ships
– Better weapons
– Magnetic compass
4.
Broadened learning and the world
outlook of Europe
• Knowledge of Muslim medicine
• Knowledge of Muslim science and
technologies
• Reintroduced to Classical learning
• Desire for products of trade increased
need to know the world
5. Results continued
• Decrease in Pope’s prestige
• Seljuk Turks (later the Ottoman Turks)
provided barrier between Europe and the
invading Mongols
• Increase in religious intolerance among
Christians, Jews, Muslims
• Legacy of bitterness and hatred