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11 2 Agenda Objective: Define the “Crusades” and analyze their significance in the world TODAY! Do Now: Watch President Bush and discuss what he means by the word “Crusade” 1. American Muslim Perspective video and discussion 2. Crusade PPT – Causes 3. John Green Crusades 4. Crusade WS due Monday The Crusades, Black Death, and Hundred Years’ War 1050-1450 media\high_mid_ages_03\WH07A00563.htmly Interactive: The Crusades, 1096-1204: The World in 1100 In 1050 many civilizations had been established around the world, but Europeans knew little about them. In the 1050s the Seljuk Turks invaded the Byzantine empire and came to control the Holy Land, where Europe’s Christians had made pilgrimages. Turks take Baghdad European Civilizations 1000 CE The Crusades The Byzantine emperor, Alexis asked Pope Urban II for help in fighting the Muslim Turks, and the pope then called for the First Crusade, a campaign to take back the Holy Land. Map of the Crusades 1096-1270 Causes Pope Wanted to end Knights fighting Seljuk Turks Invaded Holy Land Pope Wanted to Increase power and Heal Schism Some went for Glory, Adventure opportunity Trade Increased to Europe and a money economy Consequences New Ideas and Technology reached Europe Religious tensions increased Jewish Programs Re-conquest of Spain Power of Monarchs increased Magnetic Compass (China), papermaking, gunpowder, iron casting, nautical technology- sternpost rudder, arab lateen sail, Algebra, translations of Greek medicine and science such as Aristotle Impact of the Crusades English and French fight for power With the Crusades, trade between the Byzantine empire and European states increased and money economies were created. Travelers began to explore other lands. Monarchs and the pope gained power. The Reconquista The Christian campaign to drive the Muslims from the Iberian peninsula was known as the Reconquista. The Christians were successful, and Spain and Portugal came into being as states. Spain’s Ferdinand and Isabella had many non-Christians tried by the Inquisition and punished. The Black Death: A Global Epidemic The Bubonic plague, or Back Death, arrived in Europe from Asia in 1347 and thereafter kept recurring. It caused massive deaths and inflation that led to peasant revolts in England, France, Germany, and elsewhere. Time permitting go to Black death slides Causes and Effects of the Black Death Upheaval in the Church The church was unable to answer the questions or fill the needs of its members during the Black Death. In 1309, Pope Clement V moved the papal court to Avignon in France. Later, reformers elected another pope to rule from Rome. Popular preachers such as John Wycliffe taught that the bible and not the Church held the truth, and his followers began translating the Bible for everyone to read. The Hundred Years’ War England and France fought a series of conflicts between 1337 and 1453 over French lands that both states claimed and over control of the English Channel and regional trade. Joan of Arc helped to turn the tide for France. In England, the war gave power and prominence to Parliament, which had to fund it. Time permitting go to 100 years war PPT Causes and Effects of the Hundred Years’ War