Transcript US History Foundations

US History Foundations
Chapters 1-3 compressed
Chapter 1
The original Americans and Exploration
How did they get here?
On this map,
notice the tribal
names. Many of
them are major
contributors to
the names we
have today.
Some notable
names include:
Massachusett,
Kansa, Wichita,
Cheyenne.
Regional
differences
were vast.
The Europeans begin to explore…
 Middle ages suppress invention and exploration..
 Flat earth beliefs versus church control
 Prince Henry the Navigator
 Sails the other way around Africa—tacking a sailboat.
 Portugal becomes primary trade power in the world.
 Spain is a bitter rival of Portugal, can’t stand this.
 A competition emerges for God, Gold and Glory.
 Christopher Columbus
 He’s Italian, but is turned down for his voyage by Italy and
Portugal.
 Spain takes a chance…
European Colonization
Chapter 2
 Was a hidalgo,
 a young Spanish
gentleman
 Searched in vain for a
“fountain of youth”
 Explored and named
Florida in 1513
Vasco Núñez de Balboa
 Arrived on the Isthmus of
Panama,
 a narrow strip of land that
joins North and South
America
 He and his men were the
first known Europeans to
see the Pacific Ocean from
the American continent.
Francisco Vásquez de Coronado
 Coronado searched the
present-day southwestern
United States,
unsuccessfully, for the
fabled golden cities.
 He was the first European
to explore the Grand
Canyon.
 He did, however, succeed
in getting a high school
named after him though!
Building a Spanish Empire
 The Spanish used the same methods of conquest to colonize
the Americas that they used to drive the Muslims out of Spain.
 The conquistadors, or Spanish conquerors of the Americas, had
three goals:
 to spread the Christian religion; (God)
 to gain wealth; (Gold)
 to gain fame. (Glory)
 Hernán Cortés conquered the empire of the Aztecs.
 Francisco Pizarro conquered the Incan empire.
 Both groups were aided by Native American allies, and by diseases that killed
many natives.
English Exploration
 5 guys (Cabot, Frobisher, Davis, Hudson, Drake) were
trying to find the Northwest Passage, a fabled trade route
to Asia. It wasn’t successful until 1903.
Colonization and Jamestown
There were several reasons why England decided it should establish a
colony in the Americas:
• Privateers (aka pirates) wanted a base for attacks on Spain.
• They wanted to have supply stations for NW Passage.
• English merchants wanted new markets.
• The Americas would be a good place to send those who could not find
housing or work in England.
 To establish an American Colony:
 English businessmen first had to get a charter, or certificate of permission,
from the king.
 The charter allowed them to form a joint-stock company—a company
funded and run by a group of investors who share the company’s profits and
losses.
Jamestown
 The company, the Virginia Company,
sent 100 colonists to Virginia in 1607.
They named their new village
Jamestown, in honor of King James
I. The colony nearly failed, due to
 conflict with Native Americans
 unrealistic expectations of settlers
not used to doing hard work
 poor location—near a swamp
with disease-carrying mosquitoes
 starvation
 poor leadership
Jamestown
Growing Tobacco
The Promise of Land
Despite criticism, tobacco was very
successful and saved the Virginia
colonists from failure.
Large plantations growing tobacco
needed a way to persuade
laborers to settle in America.
The headright system granted each
person who came to the colony
50 acres of land.
This policy helped attract English
settlers to America.
Growing Tobacco
Indentured Servants
Tobacco became a boom crop for England
which required plantations growing
tobacco to seek out labor.
Many who wanted to sail to America
could not afford the voyage.
They became indentured servants, trading
labor for the trip here.
Between 100,000 and 150,000 men and
women came as servants in the MidAtlantic.
Many died young due to the hot climate
and disease.
Conflict With Native Americans
 The English believed it best to
“civilize” any culture they
conquered.
Native Americans React to this
attitude
In 1622, Native Americans attacked
Jamestown, intending to wipe out
the English.
The attempt failed, but 350
colonists (more than 25 percent
of the population) and at least as
many Native Americans were
killed.
Native Americans tried again in
1644. This attempt also failed.
The New England Colonies
Chapter 2 Section 3
Coming to America-The Mayflower
Coming across to America aboard the Mayflower was a treacherous journey, and
an unpredictable one. Upon arrival in Massachusetts, they had nothing, so supplies
were crucial.
Supplies were VERY important…
Colonists traveling to New England
were provided with this Catalogue
that listed what each person needed
to bring to America.
This list had a one years’ supply of all
rations.
Ship Conditions
On the left is the Captains’ Quarters aboard the Mayflower II, a current replica of
the original Mayflower. On the right is the crews’ quarters. The rest of those
aboard slept where they stood on the wooden floors. The voyage took six weeks.
Migration patterns
The French in North America
The Fur Trade
 Explorers included: Verrazano,
Cartier, Champlain, Joliet and
Marquette.
 The French in New France
discovered that fur could be sold in
Europe for great profit.
 Native Americans traded the fur to
the French.
 The fur trade determined the shape
of New France.
 New France stuck close to the
waterways for transporting goods.
The French in North America
The Iroquois
 The French presence in
North America led to an
increase in warfare among
Native Americans.
 The fur trade caused different
Indian groups to fight over
hunting territory.
 The Iroquois pushed rival
Native American tribes out of
their homelands, forcing
them to migrate west of the
Great Lakes.
Plimouth Plantation
Set in 1627, this is what the Puritans would have built within 7 years of their
arrival.
Puritan Life
 The puritan believed in a strict
moral conduct. This included the
idea of predestination.
 The belief in predestination
required that they live life to
these moral standards because
they were unaware of their
predestined eternal destination
(heaven/hell).
City on a Hill
 This was a phrase coined by
John Winthrop.
 The idea was that Puritans had
a responsibility to be an
example to the rest of the
world.
 This included social
reciprocity, obligation to the
poor, following of God’s law.
The Middle and Southern Colonies
Section 4
The Middle Colonies
 Settlers of the Middle Colonies, the colonies immediately to
the south of New England, had a great diversity (variety) of
people.
 The Middle Colonies included New York, New Jersey,
Pennsylvania, and Delaware.
 They are called the Middle Colonies because they are in the
middle of the Atlantic Coast of North America.
The Dutch in New York
A Thriving Colony
 In 1625, the Dutch founded a
trading station, New Amsterdam,
at the mouth of the Hudson River.
 They made arrangements with
local Native Americans to build
homes on Manhattan Island.
 They grew prosperous trading fur
and other goods with Europe.
 Religious tolerance was a firm
rule in the colony. The Dutch
built the first synagogue, or house
of Jewish worship, in North
America.
The Dutch in New York
James, Duke of York
England Takes Over
 In 1664, the English King Charles
II declared that the Dutch colony
belonged to his brother, the Duke
of York.
 The Duke of York sent ships and
troops to New Amsterdam, forcing
the Dutch to give up the town.
 New Amsterdam was renamed
New York.
 The colony of New York was a
proprietary colony—a colony
granted by a king or queen to an
individual or group that had full
governing rights.