Transcript Chapter 20, Section 2 - Warren County Schools

Objective
Describe the colonial activities of
Europeans in North America.
Competing Claims in North
America
 Spain claimed the western route to
Asia – around tip of South America
 “Strait of Magellan”
 Treaty of Tordesilla (1494) – line
that divided Spain and Portugal’s
claims. Portugal got west of the line,
which included most of the
Americas, Portugal got land to the
east, which included parts of
modern-day Brazil
 Other European nations get jealous
(England, France, Netherlands)
 GOAL: find a northern route,
which would make the western
route to Asia much easier than the
Spanish route
 Fail…so they spend their time and
effort doing what?
NEW FRANCE
 What is their reason for exploration?
 What is the general location of French settlement?
 Who are the significant French explorers?
Giovanni de Verrazano
 Italian in service
of France
 1524
 Modern-day New
York Harbor
Jacques Cartier

"discover certain islands
and lands where it is
said that a great
quantity of gold and
other precious things are
to be found”

First to document the
name “Canada,” from
the Native’s word
“kanata”

St. Lawrence River

Three voyages
SIGNIFICANCE:
Having already located the entrance to the St.
Lawrence on his first voyage, he opened up the
greatest waterway for the European penetration of
North America.
Samuel de Champlain
 1608
 Founded Quebec & New
France
 “The Father of New
France”
 1st accurate map of the
Canadian coast
Jacques Marquette &
Louis Joliet
 Marquette
 Priest
 Joliet
 Trader
1673 – explored Great
Lakes & the upper
Mississippi River
Sieur de La Salle
 Explored Great Lakes,
Mississippi River, & Gulf
of Mexico
 Claimed all of
Mississippi for France
 Named Louisiana in
honor of Louis XIV
By the early 1700s, New France covered much of what is
now the Midwest US and Eastern Canada.
 Fur Trade  Beaver Pelts
 1600s-1800s
 Almost went extinct
 European population by 1760 in New France…
 Only around 65,000
 People NOT interested in settling down and staying for
a long time…just wanted to make money off of the land
and go home.
How would you compare New France and
New Spain?
BOTH found
wealth and
converted
natives
New France:
North, furs,
scattered
New Spain:
South, gold,
cities
 Why were France’s North American holding so
sparsely populated?
Priests and fur traders had no desire to build towns and
start families
The English Arrive in
North America
 1606: Virginia Company in London received charter
from King James to settle the New World
 3 ships, over 100 settlers
 Claimed land & named it Jamestown, in honor of their
king
 Why did Jamestown get a bad start?
Jamestown, VA
More
interested
in finding
gold
 7/10 people died of hunger, disease, or battles with Native Americans
 1st permanent colony in North America
 What made them successful eventually?
“New England”
 1620: Pilgrims found 2nd colony in Plymouth,
Massachusetts
 In search of religious freedom
 1630: Puritans sought religious freedom from Anglican
Church
 What is a Puritan?
 Goal: to build model community for other Christians
to follow
 Why did they succeed?
Henry Hudson
 1609
 Englishman in service of
the Dutch
 Goal: find a northwest
trade route to Asia
 Found/explored three
waterways – Hudson
Bay, Hudson River,
Hudson Strait
“New Netherland”
 Dutch claimed Hudson’s finds
 Fur trade – Iroquois Indians
 1621: Dutch West India Company
 Hard time colonizing…Dutch people didn’t want to go.
 Invited Germans, French, Scandinavians, and others.
How were the Dutch and French colonies
different from the English colonies in
North America?
English
Dutch &
French
• more populated,
began for religious
reasons
• mainly for commerce
What was the use of the
Caribbean Islands?
 Cotton & sugar plantations
French:
Haiti,
Guadeloupe,
Martinique
Caribbea
n
1600s
Dutch:
captured the
Antilles and
Aruba from
Spain (1634)
English:
Barbados,
Jamaica
The Struggle for North
America
 France, England, and Netherlands battled for
supremacy in North America
 English oust the Dutch
 Dutch separated the Northern and Southern English
colonies
 1664: King Charles II granted permission to drive out
the Dutch
 Dutch surrendered
 Duke of York renamed the land “New York”
 With the Dutch gone…English could settle the entire
east coast
 By 1750, about 1.2 million English settlers lived in the
colonies
 BUT…they still weren’t happy.
 Growing population led to a need for more land
 English push farther west and collide with French
holdings
What do you think were the
most valuable amenities in
the New World?
Ticket Out The Door
What are the differences
between Jamestown and the
Pilgrims’ settlement?