Transcript I. Colonization of the americas:

Notes: Unit 2: Exploration & Colonization
#2 Colonization of the Americas

Colony: A group of people who settle
distant land, but are still ruled by the
lands they came from.
 Imperialism: Forming an empire by
conquest or colonization for the
purpose of economic or political
domination.
1. New Spain

Made up much of present day Southwest
U.S., Mexico, and the western half of S.
America.
a. Reasons Explorers Came to New
World (Americas):

Conquistadors came to the New
World to gain wealth and fame (3
G’s).
 Gold: Large amount of gold thought to
be in the New World.
 Glory: Claiming new land for your
country (become famous).
 God: Convert Natives to Christianity.
b. Effects of Spanish Conquistadors
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Hernando Cortez conquered Mexico
(Aztecs).
Francisco Pizarro conquered Peru
(Incas).
Spain used the policy of imperialism to
set up an economic system known as
the encomienda.
c. Results of Spanish Colonization
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Spain became the wealthiest country in the world.
Spain built the largest navy (Spanish Armada) to
protect gold from pirates.
Other European monarchs (kings/queens) began to
colonize unclaimed parts of the Americas.
Dutch (Netherlands): New Netherlands (eventually
New York)
English (Great Britain): Jamestown→Virginia→13
Colonies
French (France): New France (Canada)
Portuguese (Portugal): Eastern half of South
America
2. New France

Made up much of present day
eastern/central Canada & central U.S.
a. Reasons French Came to North
America

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French explorers hoped to find gold.
France wanted to find an all water
route through N. America to Asia
(Northwest Passage) for silks and
spices.
Wanted to gain access to the
resources in North America (fishing /
fur trade).
b. Effects of French Explorers
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Samuel de Champlain traveled south
on the St. Lawrence River and founded
New France (Quebec, Canada).
Cavelier de la Salle traveled south on
the Mississippi River and founded
Louisiana (Louis XIV) and the port city
of New Orleans.
c. Results of French Colonization
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France made money in North America
through the fur (beaver) trade.
France became friends (allies) with
Indians (Algonquin tribes).
French missionary priests traveled with
fur traders to convert Indians to Roman
Catholics.
3. New Netherlands (Dutch)

Made up of present day New York &
New Jersey.
a. Reasons Dutch Came to North
America


The Dutch wanted to find an all water
route through N. America to Asia
(Northwest Passage) for silks and
spices.
Wanted to gain access to the fur trade
in N. America
b. Effects of Dutch Explorers

Henry Hudson founded New Netherlands.
 Established Fort Orange (now Albany) as
a fur trading post.
 New Amsterdam (now NYC) became the
largest Dutch settlement.
 For a brief time were allies with the
Algonquin & Iroquois (Mohawk) through
the fur trade.
c. Results of Dutch Colonization
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The Dutch never found the Northwest
Passage.
The Dutch began to have conflicts
with Indians over land ownership.
In 1664, New Netherlands
surrendered to Great Britain and
became New York (part of the 13
English colonies).