Transcript Columbus, Spanish, French, Dutch and English

Columbus, the Spanish,
French, & Dutch in the New
World
1492-1680
Columbus
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Why did Columbus sail to the Americas?
Explored Bahamas, Caribbean, & parts of
Central and South America
Brought back little gold but reports of lands
encouraged exploration
Began trade/Columbian Exchange
Columbian Exchange
New World to Europe:
-corn, potatoes (white and sweet),
tomatoes, cacao, beans, chilies,
squash, gold and silver, SLAVES
Europe to New World:
-sugar cane, wheat, rice, peaches,
oranges, bananas, onions, yams,
peas, horses, cattle, sheep, goats,
pigs…
But what is the most significant thing
brought to the New World?
Treaty of Tordesillas 1494
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Compromise between Spain and Portugal
over claims in New World
Line of Demarcation separated Spanish
sphere of influence from Portugal’s
Treaty
Line
Spanish Colonization in the Americas
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“God, Glory and Gold”
Conquered Aztecs, Incas
Aided by superior European military technology
and disease
Imposed Spanish law and customs on remaining
Natives
Made Spain the wealthiest nation in the world
Spanish in the U.S.
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1565- St. Augustine fort
became the first
permanent European
settlement in U.S.
Forcing Catholicism
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Spanish missionaries often
forced Catholicism on the
Natives
Built missions and
churches near Indian
pueblos
Pueblo Revolt 1680
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After 100 years of abuse, Popé
led peoples of 24 pueblos in
revolt against the Spanish
Natives were re-conquered a
decade later, but allowed to
keep their own religion
Conclusion: Spain in America
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Spain achieved a large
empire in America
Failed in religious
conversion and
cultural assimilation
French in America
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French set out in search
of a northwest passage
to China, and found
Canada
1608 – 1st permanent
French settlement is
established in Quebec
French goals are
economic and spiritual
Economics - Fur Trade
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Beaver Hat – popular
attire for Europeans
1625-1800
Indians were viewed
as economic partners
Indians received
guns, metal hatchets,
blankets and clothing,
jewelry, and knives
Negative Effects of Fur Trade –
Indian Perspective
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European diseases
devastated the
population
Indians became
dependent on
European goods,
including alcohol
French Empire in North America
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French fur trading
company established
the port of New
Orleans
Spiritual Impact
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French Jesuits lived
among Indians and
learned culture and
language
Successful in winning
coverts
“Black Robes”
The Dutch in America
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1609- Henry Hudson claimed the
Hudson River for Holland
1624- Dutch West India Company
established the colony of New
Netherland to develop fur trading
New Amsterdam became a
thriving sea port and colony open
to many faiths and languages