Transcript European Settlement

European Exploration and
Settlement
Why did Europeans start to
explore?

Fighting over the holy
land, known as the
Crusades, caused
interest in Asian goods
and products. Traveling
outside their manors and
the creation of the
merchant class would end
Feudalism
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Some Europeans used
their new wealth to
support education and
the arts (patronage).
This helped start the
Renaissance, a rebirth
of the arts and learning of
ancient Greece and
Rome. It began in Italy in
the 1300’s, and spread
across Europe. It lasted
into the 1600’s.
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Inventions such as the
astrolabe, caravel, the
compass and other
technological
advancements would
make it possible for
exploration
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Sea travel to Asia seemed
more lucrative after the
Silk Road became
dangerous because of
bandits, and Italy had a
monopoly over Asian
goods. Europeans
Powers (Spain, Portugal,
England, and France)
would start funding sea
exploration
Portugal
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Portuguese Prince Henry the
Navigator, greatly aided Portugal’s
efforts.
Prince Henry the Navigator gathered
together the finest mapmakers,
sailors, and shipbuilders, in the town
of Sagres.
Prince Henry helped improve
navigation instruments such as the
compass.
Developed the caravel, a fast,
maneuverable ship that could sail
against the wind.
Paid for exploring the coast of Africa.
(Bartolomeu Dias and Vasco da
Gama)
Exploited African communities for
gold, salt, ivory, and slaves (started
the European slave trade)
Spain and Columbus
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Italian Sailor Christopher
Columbus convinced King
Ferdinand and Queen Isabella
of Spain that he could reach
Asia by sailing West
Columbus sailed west with 3
ships, reaching land he thought
was the West Indies in October
1492.
Amerigo Vespucci would later
discover this as a new world, so
a German mapmaker would
name the new land America
Spanish Conquistadors
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After Columbus, interest in
land, gold, and slaves caused
more exploration in the
Caribbean, Central America
and South America.
Hernan Cortes-Aztecs
Francisco Pizarro-Incas
Spain would start two colonies
known as New Spain and
Peru
Columbian Exchange
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Global Exchange of
food, livestock,
slaves, and diseases.
Caused European
diets to change as
new foods like
potatoes, corn, and
tomatoes.
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Slave Trade started
with the Portuguese
but were brought to
the Americas by the
Dutch.
Diseases like small
pox wiped out large
populations of Native
Americans.
Mercantilism
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It is the belief that the purpose of the colonies was to
make the home country more wealthy and powerful.
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A nation’s strength depended on its amount of gold and
silver. It was important for the country to have more
exports than imports
Protestant Reformation
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Martin Luther, a German monk,
boldly called for changes in the
Roman Catholic Church.
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Rejected the authority of the pope.
Bible was the only true guide for
Christians
Faith rather than good deeds was
the way to salvation.
Caused many people and nations to
split from the Catholic Church.
Calvinism
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John Calvin, a French religious thinker,
also broke away from the Catholic Church.
He believed that God had already chosen
those who would be saved.
 Influenced the Puritans
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Religious Rivalries
1.
2.
England and The Netherlands would
become Protestant Nations.
France and Spain would remain Catholic
Nations.
1.
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Each Nation tried to spread there own religion
to the natives in the Americas
England defeats the Spanish Armada which
allows other European nations to establish
colonies in North America
Northwest Passage
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Europeans wanted to find a sea route from
the Atlantic to the Pacific that passed
through or around North America to reach
Asia.
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This sea route did not exist.
Searching for the Northwest
Passage
England: 1497, John Cabot (Italian)
traveled to present day Newfoundland.
 France: 1524,Verranzo explored Atlantic
coast around the Carolinas.
 France: 1535, Cartier sailed along the St.
Lawrence River.
 Netherlands/England: 1609 Henry Hudson
Discovered Hudson River and Hudson
Bay.
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French Traders settle in North
America
France preoccupied with political/religious
conflicts at home.
 In 1608, French Traders sent Samuel de
Champlain to set up a settlement in
Quebec, Canada.
 Coureurs de bois- French term for
“runners of the woods”, which were
independent fur trappers living among the
Natives.
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French Explorations
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1673 Marquette and Joliet travel the
Mississippi to the Gulf of Mexico.
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1682-La Salle claims the Mississippi Valley
for France and named the region
Louisiana after King Louis XIV.
New Netherland
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1621-The Dutch West India Company set up a
permanent colony in the Hudson River valley
called New Netherland.
1626-The center of the colony was on the
Manhattan Island, which was named New
Amsterdam.
Peter Minuit was the governor of New Netherland
and New Sweden.
British would later take over New Netherlands and
rename it after the king’s brother, the Duke of
York
England begins to settle in America
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1587-Sir Walter Raleigh
sent 117 individuals to settle
on Roanoke Island.
The group was led by John
White, whose
granddaughter was the 1st
English born child in North
America.
When White returned after
sailing home for supplies, he
found the settlement
deserted.
The only traces was the
word Croatoan carved in a
gate post.
Joint-Stock Companies request
charters.
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Charter-the right to organize
settlements in North America
by the King.
December 1606-The Virginia
Company sent 144 settlers to
build a new colony.
April 1607-Settlers entered
Chesapeake Bay and named
the colony Jamestown, after
King James I.
Jamestown
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Capt. John Smith was the
governor of Jamestown.
He forced the colonists to
work or they did not eat.
 When he left to go back to
England, only 60 settlers
survived the time of
starvation.
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Prosperity in Jamestown
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John Rolfe learned how to grow a type of
tobacco from seeds from the West Indies.
The first crop was sold in England in 1614.
 Tobacco became a cash crop for Jamestown.
 Native American relationships grew as well,
especially after he married Pocahontas.
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House of Burgesses
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Burgesses-elected
representatives.
July 30,1619-House
of Burgesses was
established which
allowed the settlers to
send two
representatives to an
assembly to make
local laws.
Jamestown becomes 1st royal
colony of England.
1619-Dutch ship brought 1st African slaves
to North America.
 Women were also sold as wives to start
the colonies in exchange for tobacco.
 1624-Virginia Company’s charter was
cancelled by King James, making
Jamestown the 1st royal colony for
England in America.
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Reasons for Colonization
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Spain-Gold, God, and Glory
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France-Fishing and Fur Trade
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England-Religious Persecution, trade,
and land