Transcript Power Point - Our Colonial Heritage

The Nation’s Beginnings :
Exploration and Discovery to the English Colonies
Christopher Columbus
 In your opinion, was
Christopher Columbus
a hero or a villain?
Explain.
Spain and Portugal Lead the Way
 1492 Christopher Columbus’ voyage
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led to permanent European
settlement of the New World. He was
searching for a western route to Asia.
(Portugal was sailing East around
Africa)
Pedro Cabral lands in S. Am. & claims
it for Portugal in 1500
Spanish Conquistadors – Defeated
the Native Americans and colonized
most of N. and S. America for Spain.
Ferdinand Magellan (1519 – 1521)?
They came for God, Gold, and Glory!
The Columbian Exchange
 Columbus’ Legacy is a Mixture of Pros and Cons.
 New Animals Introduced (Horses, Cattle, Hogs, Sheep, etc.)
 New Foods Introduced in Europe (Corn, Potatoes, Tomatoes,
etc.)
 3 D’s (Disease, Disorganization, and Disposability) Measles,
Mumps, Typhus, & Smallpox, etc., Lack of Unity, and European
Maltreatment resulted in maybe the destruction of 90% of Native
American population.
 African slavery introduced to provide labor in New World by
Spanish, Portuguese, Dutch, and later the English would
dominate the trade.
 Spain carves out a huge American empire. Other nations soon
join the rush to explore.
Spanish Legacy in the U.S.
Spanish Empire/ Claims Around 1650
•St. Augustine, FL
(Spain, 1565) is the
oldest city in U.S.
•Cultural influence in
the American
Southwest
•Cities such as Los
Angeles, Santa Fe,
Albuquerque, etc. were
founded as Catholic
Missions
Other Nations Rush to Explore
 John Cabot sailed for England
in 1497 & claimed E. Canada
and N.E.
 Jacques Cartier (1534-35) and
Samuel de Champlain (160335) claimed land for France in
NE Canada.
 1609 – Henry Hudson,
looking again for a Northwest
Passage, claimed New York
for the Netherlands.
European Claims in the New World
New France
 France didn’t desire
permanent colonization.
 Their interest was
economic driven – fur
trade with Indians.
 They began in Canada
(Montreal, Quebec) and
fanned out into Midwest.
 Treated the Native
Americans much better
than the Spanish did –
missionaries converted
many to Christianity
French Legacy in the U.S.
 Explored and mapped much the Midwest/
Mississippi River Valley
 Cultural Influence in the Great Lakes/ Canadian
Border Region – Michigan, Wisconsin,
Minnesota, Illinois, Indiana, - and Louisiana
 Major Cities – Chicago, Detroit, St. Louis, Green
Bay were used as trading posts
 French Canada today – Quebec – bilingual
New Netherland
 Like France, the Dutch came
in 1621 to establish a fur trade
with the Indians
 New Amsterdam – present
day New York City was their
main settlement/ trading post
 They welcomed all new
settlers; provided religious
tolerance
 It was captured by the English
in 1664 by King Charles II’s
brother and renamed.
Dutch Legacy in the U.S.
 New York City – our nation’s largest
city
 Cultural influence – bowling (9
pens) and place names like
Harlem, Bronx, and
(Breukelen)Brooklyn, and Bedford
Stuyvesant
 Tulip Festivals
 Dutch folklore – Rip van Winkle
and Legend of Sleepy Hollow
Exit Slip - Discovery of New World
1. What nation did Columbus sail for when he “discovered”
America?
a. Italy b. Portugal c. France d. Spain
2. Which of the following is NOT one of the “3 G’s” that drew
Europeans to the New World?
a. God b. Goods c. Glory d. Gold
3. Which 4 continents were impacted by the Columbian
Exchange?
a. N. America, S. America, Europe, Africa
b. N. America, S. America, Europe, Asia
4. Which nation below did not make claims in the North
and South America?
a. Spain b. Portugal c. England d. France e. Holland
Europeans Explore the New World
Name
1. Christopher
Columbus
Country
Who did he work/ sail
for?
Spain
2.
Date(s)
1492
Accomplishment
1st voyage lands in
Bahamas in Caribbean
Sea.
Impact
Led to first permanent
European colonies in
New World.
Europeans Explore the New World
Name
Country
Year(s)
Accomplishment
Impact
1. Christopher
Columbus
Spain
1492
1st voyage to Americas; landed in
Caribbean
Opened New World to permanent
European settlement
2. John Cabot
England
1497
Explored coast of Newfoundland
Claimed land in N.E. Canada for
King Henry II of England
3. Vasco da Gama
Portugal
1498
Sailed around S. Africa to India
Gave Portugal a new trade route
to Asia (Far East)
4. Hernando de Soto
Spain
1539
Explored 350,000 miles of N.
America for Spain
First European to explore
Mississippi River
5. Ferdinand
Magellan
Spain
1519-1522
Led expedition to sail west to
Asia
First successful voyage around the
world; proved earth was round
6. Francisco Pizarro
Spain
1531
Explored and conquered
treasure of the Inca of Peru
Brought much wealth and
colonized Peru for Spain
7. Henry Hudson
England and
Holland
1607-1608
Explored Hudson Bay coast of
Canada and Hudson River
Claimed land for both England
and Holland in NE N. America
8. Jacques Cartier
France
1535
Explored St. Lawrence River in
Canada
Claimed land for France in E.
Canada and fur trade with Indians
9. Ponce de Leon
Spain
1513
Helped Spain conquer Cuba and
explored Florida’s E & W coasts
Colonized Florida for Spain;
10. Vasco de Balboa
Spain
1513
Crossed present-day Panama in
Central America; Pacific Ocean
Led to exploration of Pacific coast
of Central and South America
11. Hernando Cortez
Spain
1519-1521
Conquered the Aztecs of central
Mexico and too their gold
Brought much wealth and
colonized Mexico for Spain
12. Sir Francis Drake
England
1572-1588
Raided Spanish colonies of
Florida and the Caribbean;
saved 1st Roanoke colonists
Helped England defeat Spain in
war and saved England from
invasion
Bell Ringer – Age of Exploration
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Where in the New World did Columbus land in 1492?
What were the “three D’s” that greatly reduced the Native
American population of the New World?
If Columbus really didn’t “discover” America, why were
his voyages to the New World so important?
What was the major economic activity in France’s and the
Netherlands’ American colonies?
By 1600, which nation had the largest American Empire?
Jamestown, VA (1607)
 Newfoundland (1578) by
Humphrey Gilbert and Roanoke,
VA (1586 & 1587) – Sir Walter
Raleigh via John White – failed to
establish permanent English
colonies in America.
 The crown started joint-stock
companies (owned by
stockholders who took the risk)
b/c it lacked gold needed to pay
for colonies.
 Captain John Smith was one of
104 settlers who emerged as the
leader of colony of Jamestown,
VA in May 1607. It was the first
permanent English settlement.
He was the colony’s first
governor.
Jamestown’s Harsh Environment
Insect-infested Swamp
The Chesapeake Bay
400th Anniversary of Jamestown
May 13, 2007 was the
colonies 400th
Anniversary.
Current archeological dig
at the original site
Dutch pottery dating
back to the late 1500’s
Then and Now
A model of early
Jamestown
What is left today
Jamestown Prospers
 Tobacco (1612) was the
The first African slaves were brought
To Jamestown in 1619 for this reason.
Indentured servants (mostly men & a
few women) also helped populate the
colony.
John Rolfe introduced West Indies
tobacco & a way to cure it for the trip
to England. Who did he marry?
number one export.
 After the “Starving Time”
(Winter of 1610-11) the colony
experienced great growth.
 It was governed by a
partnership between King
James I’s appointed Royal
Governor and the House of
Burgesses (an elected
legislature) because he
thought the London
Company was responsible for
the Powhatan War of March
1622 that saw 300 colonists
killed (1/3 pop.)
Who is this?
The Plymouth Colony
 Pilgrims – English Separatists who
left Holland for Virginia with
permission of the London Company.
1/3 of 101 passengers on the
Mayflower were Pilgrims.
 They were led by Governor William
Bradford. They landed in
Massachusetts and the London Co
had no authority over this region. 41
drew up and signed the Mayflower
Compact – an agreement that they
could practice self-government.
The Pilgrims Face Hardships
 They arrived in November 1620 and ½ died the first
winter.
 They were aided by Pawtucket Indians (Squanto?)
who showed them how to raise corn, beans, pumpkins,
& squash as well as by Wampanoag and Chief
Massasoit (Thanksgiving – Oct. 1621 – a 3 day feast).
 William Bradford’s colony inspired another group that
was being persecuted in England – the Puritans. The
original Pilgrims had separated from the Puritans in
1608. They wanted to “purify” the Church of England.
The Puritans Form a Selfgoverning Colony
 1629 – Massachusetts Bay Co. obtained a charter from
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Crown to start a colony near Plymouth that would be a
Bible Commonwealth.
1630 – 17 ships embark on the voyage to America &
ultimately 20,000 more follow during the decade.
John Winthrop, a London lawyer, was elected governor in
1630.
The Puritans came prepared with food, equipment, and live
stock and focused on fishing, lumbering, ship-building, fur
trading, and farming. Harvard University was est. 1636.
The Puritans were not tolerant of people with different
religious views. This led to war with Native Americans in
1675 – 76. Chief Metacomet or King Phillip’s War.
Bell Ringer – Plymouth & the Massachusetts Bay Colony
1.
The Pilgrims, who were the first to arrive in
Massachusetts, were separatists who broke with the
a. Catholic Church. b. Anglican Church. c. Lutheran Church.
2.
3.
4.
In 1629, the _______, who would come to dominate life in
New England, obtained a charter from the King and
sailed for Massachusetts.
a. Irish b. Huguenots
c. Puritans
What institution would come to dominate nearly every
phase of colonial life in Massachusetts?
a. the Puritan faith b. the legislature c. the slave trade
All of the following were essential to Massachusetts Bay’s
economy except
a. ship building. b. cotton production.
c. lumbering .
d. fishing.
Major Influences on American Political Thought
(See Page 10)
 The Roman Republic (509 – 27 BC) – Civic Virtue and
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the Common Good; it was representative.
English Tradition – Magna Carta (1215), Parliament
(1258), English Bill of Rights (1689), Common Law
Political Philosophers – John Locke’s Two Treatises on
Government (1690) - Natural Rights Philosophy,
Separation of Powers, Social Contract Theory
Judeo-Christian Roots – Ten Commandments & Jesus
Colonial Heritage –Suffrage, Tradition, Checks and
Balances, Natural Rights, Jury Trial
Exit Slip – The Colonies Overview
What group of early colonists authored the Mayflower
Compact?
a. the Dutch b. the Pilgrims c. the Puritans
2. The Republican form of government was first used in
ancient _______.
a. Babylon b. Greece c. Rome
3. The major export of the Jamestown colony was
a. Tobacco b. Wheat c. Cotton
4. In ___________ colonies, both houses of the legislature
were chosen by the people.
a. royal b. self-governing c. all
1.
Fort Boonesboro, KY
Founded by Daniel Boone and others in April 1775
One source of conflict was that colonists wanted to move west!
Here are two rare photos of pioneer children at work in their cottage.
The Middle Passage
 By 1650 an estimated 300,000
African slaves were in the Spanish
Caribbean working gold and silver
mines and plantations.
 The Portuguese in Brazil dominated
the European sugar trade and more
than 40% of 12 million slaves taken
from Africa were sent to S. America.
 The English =largest exporters of
slaves after 1690 (1.7 million in just
over 100 years) and only 400,000
actually wound up in the U.S.
 The Middle Passage was the middle
leg of the Atlantic trade triangle.
Exit Slip – Age of Exploration
1. God =
2. Gold =
3. Glory =
4. If Columbus really didn’t “discover”
America, why were his voyages to the New
World so important with regard to World
History?