Transcript The European Conquest of the Americas

By: Ms. Susan M. Pojer
Horace Greeley HS Chappaqua, NY
Edited by Mr. Adam Stonehill
Ming Dynasty 1368-1644 C.E.
Mnsu.edu
• 1405-1433 C.E. Zheng He
explored as far as East
Africa. After his last
voyage his records were
destroyed and ships were
restricted to smaller sizes.
Zheng He
Mnsu.edu
Christ of Colon [1451-1506]
-European explorer whose discoveries had long term effects
-promoted future Western European exploration
Columbus’ Four Voyages
Other explorers
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Da Gama – Portugal – reaches Indian Ocean trade routes
Vespucci – Spanish – further explorations of “New World”
Magellan – Spain - circumnavigates the world
Cabot – England – first Western European to North America
de Leon – Spain – first Spaniard to North America
Cortes – Conquistador of the Aztec Empire
Verrazano – Spain – North America
Pizarro – Conquistador of the Incan Empire
de Soto, Coronado, Cabrillo – Spain – further explorations of North America
1565 – Spain establishes first North American colony at St. Augustine, FLA
Cartier – France – first Frenchman to reach North America
Frobisher – Dutch – first Dutchman to explore North America
Raleigh – England – explores Virginia area (future Jamestown colony)
Hudson – England – explores NYC region and up the Hudson river
Gilbert,Champlain, LaSalle – France – further explorations of North America
Ferdinand Magellan & the First
Circumnavigation of the World:
Early 16c
European Explorations
Looking for “El Dorado”
T he First Spanish Conquests:
T he Aztecs
vs.
Fernando Cortes
Montezuma II
T he Death of Montezuma II
Mexico Surrenders to Cortés
T he First Spanish Conquests:
T he Incas
vs.
Francisco
Pizarro
Atahualpa
Cycle of Conquest &
Colonization
Explorers
Official
European
Colony!
Economic Effects of Colonialism
Europe
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Mercantilism policy put into place
Mother Country becomes wealthy at the expense of their colonies
Country tries to export more than it imports – favorable balance of trade
Colonies exist as markets for their mother country’s goods
Country tries to get as much gold and silver as possible
Latin America
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– “encomienda system” – large plantations or mines and forced labor Native
Americans first and then African Slaves
Plantations - Sugar, bananas, tobacco, etc.
Mining of Precious Metals - Silver and Gold
Mercantilism
The economy and trade
are essential to the health
and safety of the nation.
1.Get as much gold and silver
as you can.
2.Establish a favorable balance
of trade.
3.Get colonies.
T he “Columbian Exchange”
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Squash
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Avocado
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Peppers
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Sweet Potatoes
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Turkey
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Pumpkin
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Tobacco
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Quinine
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Cocoa
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Pineapple
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Cassava
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POTATO
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Peanut
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TOMATO
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Vanilla
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MAIZE
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Syphilis
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Trinkets
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Liquor
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GUNS
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Olive
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COFFEE BEAN
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Banana
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Rice
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Onion
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Turnip
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Honeybee
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Barley
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Grape
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Peach
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SUGAR CANE
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Oats
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Citrus Fruits
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Pear
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Wheat
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HORSE
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Cattle
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Sheep
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Pigs
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Smallpox
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Flu
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Typhus
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Measles
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Malaria
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Diptheria
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Whooping Cough
Docs. 1- 4
Sacrifice of the First-Born
by T heodore de Bry
Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade
Slave Ship
“Coffin” Position Below Deck
A frican Captives
T hrown Overboard
Slaves Working in a
Brazilian Sugar Mill
Treasures
from the Americas!
Colonialism – Social Effects
• Latin America – New Social Status structure put into place based on
race and ethnicity
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- Catholicism becomes the dominant religion
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- Spanish now “universal language”
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• North America – religious freedom and economic opportunity often
brings new colonists
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-Protestant groups
T he Colonial Class System
Peninsulares
Mestizos
Native Indians
Creoles
Mulattos
Black Slaves
T he Influence of the Colonial
Catholic Church
Guadalajara
Cathedral
Spanish Mission
Our Lady of
Guadalupe
T he Treaty of Tordesillas, 1494 &
T he Pope’s Line of Demarcation
Father Bartolomé de Las Casas
New Laws --> 1542
European Empires in the Americas
Political Effects of
Colonialization
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Political:
Spain – 2 main colonies in ‘New Spain” (Mesoamerica) and “Peru”
(South America). Also have various colonies in the Caribbean
Basically Imperialize local population which means complete control of
government, laws, economics, etc.)
Hidalgos – lazy upper-class develops in Spain itself as described in
Cervantes’ Don Quixote
Portugal – main colony in New World is Brazil and colonies in Indian
Ocean trade (India-Goa and Southeast Asia)
England and France – colonies in North America and Caribbean
Sea Dog terror tactics used to plunder much of the wealth of Spain and
Portugal from the New World
Colonies are often left to rule themselves since resources are less than in
Spain