Transcript The Settlement of North America

The Settlement of
North America

What was Columbus originally looking for?

Who colonized Central and South
America?

What groups of people already lived
there?

What was gained from colonization?
Looking Back
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Signed in 1494
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Divided the land between Spain and
Portugal
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Attempted to prevent England, France and
the Netherlands from creating their own
American colonies
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Widely ignored
◦ Struggle for North America
The Treaty of Tordesillas
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1534, Jacques Cartier founded Montreal
◦ Looking for a Northwest passage to Asia
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1608, Samuel de Champlain founded Quebec
◦ Purpose was to colonize
◦ Known as New France
◦ Base of France’s colonial empire in North America
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1673, Jacques Marquette and Louis Joliet
explored the Great Lakes
1682, Sieur de La Salle explored the lower
Mississippi
◦ Claimed the river valley for France
◦ Called in Louisiana
Explorers Establish New France
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Empire was immense
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Downfall- sparsely populated
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Settlers were priests or fur traders
◦ New France’s main economic activity
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Little interest in occupying territories
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Wanted to make money off the land
A Trading Empire
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1606 King James, of England, gives a charter
to found a colony in North America
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1607 3 ships reach the coast of Virginia
◦ Claim the land for England
◦ Called Jamestown
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Disastrous start
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England’s first permanent settlement
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Tobacco turned into a profitable cash crop
The Settlement of Jamestown
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1620 Pilgrims founded a second English
colony
◦ Sought religious freedom
◦ Plymouth in Massachusetts
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1630 Puritans establish colony near
Massachusetts Bay
◦ Also seeking religious freedom
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Example for other Christians to follow
Successful due partly to the families in the
colony
Puritans Create New England
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1609 Henry Hudson looked for a northwest sea
route to Asia
◦ Explored 3 waterways- Hudson River, Hudson Bay, and
Hudson Straight
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The Dutch built trading forts along the Hudson
River
◦ Now Albany and Manhattan Island
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The Region was called New Netherland
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Popular for fur traders but not colonists
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Encouraged others such as Germans, French,
and Scandinavians to settle in the area
The Dutch Found New Netherland
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France colonized present day Haiti,
Guadeloupe, and Martinique
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The English settled Barbados and Jamaica
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The Dutch seize control of what is now the
Netherlands Antilles and Aruba from Spain
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Built huge cotton and sugar plantations
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Needed a large supply of labor
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Enslaved Africans would provide the labor
Colonizing the Caribbean
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1664 Duke of York arrived in New
Netherland to drive out the Dutch
◦ They surrender
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Renamed the area New York
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English able to colonize the Atlantic coast
of North America
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1750 1.2 million English settlers
The English Oust the Dutch
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English push west into France’s land
holdings
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1754, dispute over Ohio Valley leads to
war
◦ French and Indian War (Seven Years War)
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1763 British defeat the French
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England seized control of the eastern half
of North America
England Battles France
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Fur trapping provided a cooperative
relationship between the French and
Dutch and the Native Americans
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Native Americans and English had issues
over land and religion
◦ English needed land for colonization
◦ Native Americans considered heathens
 Threat to godly society
Native Americans Respond
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Hostilities between the British and the
Native Americans led to warfare
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1622 Powhatan tribe attacks Jamestown
◦ Killed 350
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Colonist strike back over the years
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During the 17th century many skirmishes
occurred
Settlers and Native Americans
Battle
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Europeans brought new disease with them
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Native American populations were
devastated by disease
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Small pox epidemics ravaged tribes
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Native American population losses led to
severe shortage of labor
Natives Fall to Disease
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Look for the impact of the 7 Years War
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What was the roll of Native Americans in
the 7 Years War
Looking Ahead
Seven
Years War