Transcript Colonial Regions Power Point Presentation

Regions:
• Northern
• Massachusetts, Rhode Island,
Connecticut, New Hampshire
• Middle
• New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania,
Delaware
• Southern
• Virginia, Maryland, North Carolina,
South Carolina, Georgia
Northern
AKA: New England
•
•
•
•
•
•
Industry:
Shipbuilding
Fishing/Whaling
Logging
Fur trading
Copper mining
Farming:
– Very little
– Rocky soil
– Too close to the sea
Philosophy:
• Life built around Religion
• ANTI-slavery
• Strong work ethic
People
Pilgrims
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Were “Separatists”
Came in 1620
Landed at Cape Cod
Settlement: Plymouth
Fewer in number
Lower class, less educated
Received help from local
Native Americans
• Came to America for
Religious Freedom
Puritans
• Wanted to “reform” the
Anglican Church
• Came in 1629-30
• Landed North of the
Pilgrims
• Settlement: Boston
• Thousands came
• Higher class, more educated
• Fought with Native
Americans
• Came to America for
Religious Freedom
Land Features
• Mountains: much of the inland area is
dominated by mountains.
Land Features
• Dense Forests: with mountains comes plenty
of forest which contain both furs and timber.
Land Features
• Sea Ports: New England had many sea ports
for shipping goods and fishing/whaling.
Middle
AKA: Midatlantic Colonies
Industry
• Farming: known as the
“breadbasket”.
– Corn, wheat, beef, pork
•
•
•
•
•
Iron Mining
Coal Mining
Textile Manufacturing
Fur Trading
Shipbuilding
•
•
•
•
•
Philosophy
Diversity
Equality
Peace
Pennsylvania and Delaware
were ANTI-Slavery.
New York and New Jersey
had a small amount of
slavery.
People
• Nationalities/Ethnicities:
– Dutch
– German
– Swedish (Delaware)
– Native American
– English (after they took it over)
• Religions:
– Quakers, Mennonites, Jewish
• Relationship with Native Americans:
– Paid for land, NO wars with Natives (after English
takeover), Lived together.
Why They Came:
• Dutch: Mainly interested in expanding their
trade empire.
– The Dutch West India Company wanted to trade
with Native Americans and the French for furs.
Why They Came
• Quakers: Penn’s “Holy Experiment”
– Created Pennsylvania as a haven for Quakers
– Pennsylvania would be a land with no Aristocrats
– Penn granted ALL adult males 50 acres of land and
the right to vote.
Why They Came
• Swedish: Original settlers of New Sweden
(Delaware)
• Taken over by the Dutch
• German/Scandinavian/Jewish:
• All of these groups came to start a new life.
• Were encouraged by the Dutch to settle in
New Netherlands.
Land Features
• Land had a combination of Northern and
Southern features.
• Good Farmland: fertile soil enabled the
Middle colonies to farm wheat, corn, and
livestock.
Land Features
• Mountains: were larger than in New England
• provided iron and coal, and a source for furs.
Land Features:
• Forests: in the Middle Colonies forests grew
larger trees than in the North or South.
• Provided timber for shipbuilding and a habitat
for animals for fur trading.
Southern Colonies
Industry
• Agriculture
–
–
–
–
Tobacco
Indigo
Rice
Cotton (eventually)
• Some fishing
• Some logging
• Some fur trading
Philosophy
• Large Scale Farming
(Plantations)
• To make money (get rich)
• PRO-slavery
People:
•
•
•
•
•
English: Upper Class
Came seeking riches
Didn’t find gold or silver
Found extremely fertile land
Built large farms (Plantations) to make money!
People:
• Poor People: Indentured Servants
• Sought a way to escape their poverty
• Someone else would pay for them to come to
America
• They paid that person back by working for free
for a fixed amount of time
People:
• Debtors:
• People who didn’t pay their debts were sent
to jail in England
• Debtors could earn their freedom by working
in America for 7 years
• Plantation owners hired debtors as cheap
laborers
People:
•
•
•
•
•
Catholics/Protestants:
Maryland was intended to be a safe haven
Catholics came to escape persecution
Protestants also settled in Maryland
Act of Toleration gave settlers in Maryland the
right to practice religion freely
• Protestants eventually made Anglicanism the
official church.
People:
• Enslaved Africans:
• Coastal tribes sold slaves to Europeans for
manufactured goods
• Plantation owners bought slaves as free labor
to farm “cash crops”
• Slavery is for life, unless owner grants them
their freedom
• Slaves were treated harshly
Land Features
• Fertile Plains:
• The Southern Colonies had the best farmland
• Large plains and good climate were ideal for
farming
• They used their farmland to grow “cash-crops”
Land Features
• Long Rivers:
• Dozens of long rivers exist in the Southern
Colonies.
• Rivers provide natural irrigation for farming
• Jamestown was built on the James River
Land Features
• Swamps and Marshes:
• Located in South Carolina and Georgia
• Wet lands surrounding swamps are ideal for
growing rice
• Also a good source for Cypress Trees