Transcript 13 Colonies

Discussion Questions
• 1. Where was the first permanent English settlement in
North American?
• 2. The second settlement?
• 3.What reasons can we say causes the Salem Witch
Trials?
• 4. Describe daily Puritan life.
KWL Chart about 9/11/2001
Know
1.
2.
3.
Want to Know
Learned
EXPLORATION &
COLONIAL AMERICA
American History I -
1.4 – THE 13 COLONIES
EMERGE
So far…
• New England
Settlements
• Plymouth (1620)
• Massachusetts Bay
Colony (1630)
• Providence (1636)
• Portsmouth (1638)
• Southern
Settlements
• Jamestown (1607)
Dutch Settlements
• 1609 – Henry Hudson
(funded by Dutch) explored
the Hudson River area
• People from the Netherlands
(aka Holland) are called Dutch.
• 1621 – New Netherland
established
• 1625 - New Amsterdam as
capital
• Encouraged Germans, French,
Scandinavians, and Africans
(some free) to settle
• Friendly relations with natives more interested in trading furs
than taking land
English Takeover
• New Netherland = wedge
between English colonies
• 1664 – King Charles sent
his brother James the Duke
of York (later King James II)
to take the area
• Dutch outnumbered and
quickly surrendered
• Renamed it New York
• Gave a portion to 2 friends
and named it New Jersey
Quakers
• Quakers – a Christian group
devoted to peaceful principles;
believe in an “Inner Light,” or
sense of Christ's direct
working in the soul.
• No formal ministers,
congregation speaks when
spiritually inclined, dressed
plainly
• Pacifists - firm opposition to
violence/war, refusal to serve in
military/militia
• Not tolerated by Anglicans in
England or Puritans in New
England
Pennsylvania
• 1681 - William Penn (devout
Quaker) received a charter to
establish a settlement west of New
York  Pennsylvania
• Guaranteed every man 50 acres of
land and voting rights
• Developed a representative assembly
• Religious freedom
• Philadelphia – capital; “City of
Brotherly Love”
• Penn set up another southern
settlement – Delaware
• Semi-independent, had same
governor as PA
Quakers and Natives
• Quakers are pacifists (a person who believes in peace
above conflict)  did not want conflict with Natives
“Now I would have you well observe, that I am very sensible of the
unkindness and injustice that has been too much exercised towards
you by the people of these parts of the world, who have sought… to
make great advances by you, … sometimes to the shedding of
blood… but I am not such a man… I have great love and refard
toward you, and I desire to win and gain your love and friendship by a
kind, just, and peaceable life.”
– letter from William Penn to the Lenni Lenapi people
• 50 years of peace between PA and natives
Pennsylvania Thrives and Changes
• Religious freedom and tolerance of diversity in
Pennsylvania attracted people from all over Europe
• By 1700, Quakers were the minority in PA and slavery
was introduced but underlying Quaker principles existed
Maryland
• 1632 – King Charles granted a charter for land north of
the Chesapeake Bay to George Calvert, the first Lord
Baltimore  Maryland
• Named after King Charles’ wife, Queen Henrietta Maria
• Practiced religious freedom
The Southern Colonies
• 1663 – charters granted for
settlement south of VA and
above Spanish territory 
North and South Carolina
• 1732 – James Oglethorpe
received a charter to
establish a colony for
debtors  Georgia (after
King George II)
• Outlawed drinking and slavery
New England Colonies
• Massachusetts (MA,
includes modern-day
Maine)
• New Hampshire (NH)
• Rhode Island (RI)
• Connecticut (CT)
Middle Colonies
• New York (NY)
• Pennsylvania (PA)
• New Jersey (NJ)
• Delaware (DE)
Southern Colonies
• Maryland (MD)
• Virginia (VA)
• North Carolina (NC)
• South Carolina (SC)
• Georgia (GA)
13 Colonies Map
• Using your notes and page 67 in book, label the 13
colonies on your map.
• Color code the different regions
• On the back, fill in the chart.
• CW grade for completion! Then add this page to your
notes.
New England Colonies – Impact of
Geography
Disadvantages
Advantages
• Agriculture was limited
• Rocky and sandy soil are not
good for growing
• Cold climate = short growing
season
• Forests provide lumber for
shipbuilding
• Many rivers provide easy
transportation for trade
• Location along Atlantic
Ocean provides:
• Harbors (Boston, Portsmouth,
Providence)
• Lucrative fishing & whaling
industry
• Easy transportation for trade
New England Colonies – Impact of
Geography
• Occupations in New
England Colonies
• Mostly merchants
• Men who make money off
of trade
• Few farmers were able to
truly succeed here
• Problems emerged for
these merchants due to
English restrictions on
trade.
Middle Colonies - Impact of Geography
Disadvantages
• None really to speak of
Advantages
• Agriculture:
• LOTS of fertile land
• Favorable climate conditions
allowed for longer growing
seasons
• High yield of crops meant that
a surplus was exported to
other colonies and England
• Rivers provide:
• Easy transport of goods
• Location on coast provides:
• Great harbors to trade from
• (New York, Philadelphia)
Southern Colonies – Impact of Geography
Disadvantages
• Hot, humid climate could
create health problems
(ex: malaria)
Advantages
• Agriculture:
• Fertile soil
• Warm climate was perfect for
growing:
• Indigo (blue coloring)
• Rice
• Tobacco
• Plantation lifestyle
• Forests provide lumber for
ship building industry
Growth of Slavery
• Industries need laborers
• Indentured servants 
not enough
• African slaves - 1619
• Slavery – a system of
enforced servitude in which
some people are owned by
other people.
• Used mostly in South on
the plantations
• By 1750  400,000
African slaves in the
colonies (3/4 of them in the
South)
Triangular
Trade
• Three way trading
system in which:
• Americas Europe
• Sugar
• Tobacco
• Cotton
• Europe
 Africa
• Textiles
• Rum
• Manufactured goods
(guns)
• Africa
 Americas
• Slaves
Middle Passage
• Voyage that brought enslaved Africans across the Atlantic
to North America, many Africans died during the journey
• Africa  Americas leg of the Triangular Trade
• 20% of Africans died on each journey
• Branded with hot irons
• Packed into dark cargo areas of large ships
• Whippings, beatings
• Diseases
• Unsanitary – vomit and waste
Colonial Population
• Population boomed
• 1700 - 250,000
• 1770 – 2,150,000 (8x
increase)
• A diverse population
• English
• Scotish
• Irish
• Dutch, Swedish, French,
German, and Swiss
Social Classes In the Colonies
1. The Aristocracy
• Wealthy planters and
merchants
• Clergymen, lawyers
2. The Middle Class
• Small farmers
• Skilled workers
3. The Lower Class
• Indentured servants
• Slaves
• Social mobility (moving
between classes)
possible, except for
slaves.
New Ideas Sweep Colonies
• Enlightenment - Movement
in the 1700s that stressed
intellectual thinking with
using reason and the
scientific method to gain
knowledge
• Benjamin Franklin, Thomas
Jefferson
• Natural rights as humans which
gov’ts must respect
• Eventually lead colonists to
question British authority
Great Awakening
• Religious revival in the
American colonies of
the mid 1700s during
which a number of new
Protestant churches
were established
• Backlash reaction to
Enlightenment and
materialism
• Led by Jonathan
Edwards
Great Awakening
• Brought more colonists
into organized Christianity
• Puritan
• Anglican
• Methodist
• Baptist
• Increased interest in
higher education
• Princeton, Brown, Columbia,
Dartmouth  universities to
train ministers