Transcript Chapter 1 Notes

Chapter 1
Exploration and the Colonial Era
Early British Colonies
• 1607
 Jamestown, Virginia
 First permanent English settlement in
America
 John Smith
 Period of struggle until settlers grew
tobacco and exported to Europe
See History Channel
video“Jamestown”
Indentured Servants
• Hired to work plantations
• Worked for a few years and then trip to
America was paid
• Highest concentration was in the
Chesapeake region of colonies
Future American Colonization
• Puritans: Protestant group; wanted to
purify Church of England of any
Catholicism
• Often punished in England
• 1620-Mayflower-Puritans sailed to
America; settled in Plymouth,
Massachusetts
• Came for religious freedom
 See Video “Mayflower Deconstructed”
Continued
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1630-Massachusetts Bay Colony founded
John Winthrop-first governor
Strict religious atmosphere
Dissenters harshly punished
 Ex: Anne Hutchinson and Roger Williams
“Crash Course”-Quakers, the
Dutch and the Ladies
Dutch Settlement
• Established first colony in New
Netherlands (New York) in 1621
• New Amsterdam (New York City)
• Gained wealth by trading with Native
Americans for fur
• Religious tolerance; welcomed all ethnic
groups
• 1644-English seized the colony
William Penn
• Quaker that started
Pennsylvania
• Wanted safe place for
Quakers
• Many other groups
settled there also
• Most advertised
colony
By 1732, there were 13 British
colonies
Mercantilism
• Theory and system of political economy
prevailing in Europe after decline of
feudalism
 Accumulation of gold
 Establish colonies
 Develop industry and mining to attain
favorable balance of trade
Conditions in Colonies
• Some self-government
• Governors appointed by British monarchy
• Voting rights based on male land
ownership
Development of Colonies
• Southern
 Based on farming-indigo, tobacco, and rice
farms
 Some plantations
 Large land owners dominated the economy
and society
 Planters used slaves as workers
Continued
• Middle and New England
 Economy based on small farms
 Manufacturing and trade
 Merchants grew wealthy and had power in
society
 Slavery existed in North, but not widespread
Colonists Begin To Question
• The Enlightenment-1700’s
 Valued science and reason
 Writers stressed importance of natural rights of
individuals
 Science weakened authority of church
 Began in Europe; spread to the colonies
 Benjamin Franklin, John Locke, Voltaire,
Montesquieu, Hobbes, Rousseau, Newton
Continued
• Great Awakening
 Strong revival of deep
religious feeling in
1730’s and 1740’s
 Emphasized personal
aspects of religion and
relationship with God
 Weakened authority of
church
 Jonathan Edwards,
George Whitfield
Conflict Between England and
France
• French settled in Great Lakes region,
eastern Canada, and upper Mississippi
River region
French and Indian War
• Also known as Seven Years War
• 1754-1763
• French defeated and surrendered most of
its North American claims
• Proclamation of 1763-British banned
colonial settlement west of Appalachian
Mountains to prevent attacks from Native
Americans
• Disregarded by most colonists