Transcript Unit 1 Review Power Point

A.P. United States History
Unit 1, Chapters 1-3
The Colonial Era
Review Power Point
Christopher
Columbus
sailed the
ocean blue
in 1492.
The Treaty of
Tordesillas
divided the New
World between
the Spanish
and the
Portuguese.
John Smith
Jamestown established in 1607 was the first
permanent British colony in the New World.
It was paid for by investors (joint stock company).
John Smith had to take over the colony and force the
men to plant crops instead of just look for gold.
John Smith saved Jamestown from
starving, John Rolfe saved the colony
financially by introducing the cultivation
of tobacco.
Pocahontas
The Headright System:
In 1618, the headright system was introduced as a means to solve
the labor shortage. It provided the following:
1) Colonists already residing in Virginia were granted two
headrights, meaning two tracts of 50 acres each, or a total of 100
acres of land.
2) New settlers who paid their own passage to Virginia were
granted one headright. Since every person who entered the
colony received a headright, families were encouraged to migrate
together.
3) Wealthy individuals could accumulate headrights by paying for
the passage of poor individuals. Most of the workers who entered
Virginia under this arrangement came as indentured servants —
people who paid for their transportation by pledging to perform
five to seven years of labor for the landowner.
Separatist Puritans a/k/a Pilgrims
settled in Plymouth in 1620.
They established the Mayflower Compact
when they landed to establish order in the new colony.
It is the first example of a written social contract.
Their colony was also funded by investors
(joint-stock company).
Massachusetts Bay was
established by Puritans (nonseparatists) who owned their own
land (not a joint-stock company)
and were self-governed. Religious
freedom (for them) was the major
reason for the founding of
Massachusetts Bay (Boston).
John Winthrop gave the “Model of
Christian Charity” speech in which he
envisioned Massachusetts Bay as a
“City upon a Hill”.
Roger Williams disagreed with the mixing of
church and state believing government would
corrupt religion. He was forced out of the
Massachusetts Bay Colony and established
Rhode Island which became known as the
first colony to allow religious tolerance.
Roger Williams?
Anne Hutchinson believed the Puritans in Massachusetts Bay were
concentrating too much on good works and not enough on the
concept of faith as a way to heaven. She also claimed to be in direct
communication with God plus she was a woman. She was banished
and later went to Rhode Island with her followers.
The half-way covenant was a concession made on the part of the New
England Puritan Church.
The requirements for church membership were relaxed in order that
certain civil privileges might be obtained by those who had neither
the ability nor willingness to make profession of religious experience.
Such persons were admitted on grounds of baptism, but were still
denied the lord's Supper. Their children could also be baptized.
New England focused on religion in order to read the bible. They
established both Harvard and Princeton to train ministers.
Although by the
American Revolution
slavery was legal in all 13
colonies it was dominant
in the Chesapeake and
Southern colonies
because the large cash
crop farms required large
amounts of labor.
The expansion of slavery
was limited in New
England because their
farms were small and did
not require as much
labor.
The founder of Maryland (1632) was
Lord Baltimore who wanted to
establish a haven for Catholics who
were persecuted in England and the
other English colonies.
More Protestants actually settled in
Maryland causing Lord Baltimore’s
family to endorse the Maryland Act of
Religious Toleration.
Although, the government of Maryland
was tolerant of most Christian
churches they did NOT HAVE TOTAL
SEPARATION OF CHURCH AND STATE
AS THEY ENFORCED CHRISTIAN
LAWS SUCH AS PROSECUTING
BLASPHEMY.
Lord Baltimore
The Chesapeake Colonies=Maryland and Virginia
The Chesapeake
colonies were less
affected by religion
and maintained
large farms
growing cash
crops which
demanded large
amounts of labor.
The Dutch established New Netherlands/New Amsterdam in the early 1600s.
The Dutch established the colony for profit. This land was taken over by the
English and given to the Duke of York and renamed New York in 1664.
King Charles II owed William Penn £16,000. Seeking a haven in the
New World for persecuted Quakers, Penn asked the King to grant him
land in the territory between Lord Baltimore's province of Maryland
and the Duke of York's province of New York.
Generally Quakers had good relations with the Native Americans,
disagreed with slavery and allowed more rights for women.
Church and state were separated in Pennsylvania. They paid taxes to
the State but were not required to pay Tithes to the Church.
New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania and Delaware =The Middle Colonies
Mercantilism
Mother Country #1, More exports than Imports, Collect all gold
The Navigation Acts were efforts to put the theory of mercantilism into actual
practice.
Under the provisions of this legislation, trade with the colonies was to be
conducted only in English or colonial ships and trade destined for nations
outside the empire had to go first to England.
Crown
English Colonists
Colonial Governor
aka executive branch
Colonial Legislatures
THE ENLIGHTENMENT
IS NOT
THE GREAT AWAKENING
The Enlightenment: use science and education to improve
yourself and the world
Deism
Deism is a religious
movement that originated in
17th and 18th century
Europe and North America
and continues in a mostly
similar form today. Deism is
a religious philosophy and
methodology that asserts
the existence of a
God/Higher Power that
created the world by setting
it into motion, but does not
actively intervene in it by
creating miracles.
In 1732, James
Oglethorpe was
given a charter from
King George II to
create a new colony
which he would
name Georgia. This
was located between
South Carolina and
Florida. It had two
main purposes: to
serve as a place
where debtors in
prison could go to
start anew and it
served as a barrier
against Spanish
expansion from
Florida
George Whitfield
The First Great Awakening was a religious movement among Protestants in
the 1730’s to 1740’s. It made religion intensely personal to the average person,
by creating a deep sense of spiritual guilt and redemption. In America it brought
Christianity to the slaves and was an apocalyptic event in New England that
challenged established authority. Indeed, everywhere it incited rancor and
division between Protestant churches.
Albany Plan of Union
political cartoon.
The Albany Plan of Union was
suggested by Ben Franklin to
unify the colonies to defend
against the French in the
French and Indian War. It was
not adopted but was the first
suggestion of unification of the
13 colonies.
North America
after the
Treaty of
Paris of 1763
ending the
French and
Indian War.
France had no
territory in
North America
after this
Treaty (until
Napoleon).
After the French and
Indian War Great Britain
was in enormous debt.
They established the
Proclamation Line of 1763
which prevented the
colonists from settling
west of the Appalachian
Mountains in order to
avoid a costly war with the
Native Americans of the
Ohio River Valley.
They also began trying to
think up ways to make
more money in order to
pay off their debt.