Transcript The Seven Years War Conclusion

The name "Seven Years' War" is used in the
United States to refer only to the European
portions of the conflict (1756–1763), not the
nine-year North American conflict or the
Indian campaigns which lasted 15 years.
 1754: hostilities
erupt in Europe.
 1756: Official beginning of Seven Years
War• Where: America's Ohio Valley
• Who: Virginian major of militia, George
Washington
• What: ambushed a small French detachment.
This was the catalyst for the great war to come.
 1756: war
broke out between France and
Great Britain.
 The
Seven Years' War was the final
struggle between France and Britain for
control of North America

Great Britain (allied with Prussia and Hanover)
VERSUS

France (allied with Austria, Sweden, Saxony, Russia and
Spain)
 New
France and New England fought
each other for possession of the
continent and control of the fur trade.
 Although
separate, the conflicts between
the two colonies were directly connected
to the victories or defeats of the
Motherland(s).
 War
in Europe was the top priority
 Limited number of troops.
 Considered the resources in their
colonies in the West Indies more
important since sugar cane was more
lucrative than the fur trade.
 Did well in the war until 1757.
 Determined
to destroy France's colonial
empire
 Sent more than 20,000 soldiers to the
Americas.
 The British troops, who won several
victories (after 1757) right up until the
battle on the Plains of Abraham in 1759,
when James Wolfe defeated the army of
Montcalm.
 signed
10 February 1763 by France, Britain
and Spain.
 Took
3 years of negotiations.
 Ended
the SEVEN YEARS' WAR.
 Marked
the beginning of an extensive
period of British domination.
 Britain
obtained Ile Royale [Cape Breton
Island] and Canada, including the Great
Lakes Basin and east bank of the
Mississippi River, from France, and
Florida from Spain.
 Gave
up Canada and all claims to
territory east of the Mississippi to Britain.
 Retained
fishing rights in Newfoundland
and the Gulf of ST LAWRENCE
 Acquired
St. Pierre and Miquelon
 France
ceded New France in an exchange for
keeping the West Indies, trading centres in
India and slaving station on the Île de Gorée (in
present-day Senegal).
 This
move angered the Native allies, who were
the Canadians' allies. Some of them regrouped
under the leadership of Pontiac and attempted
to continue the war.
•
Several Indian chiefs and spiritual
leaders decided to combat European
colonization.
•
They attacked the settlers for 5 weeks
•
By June of 1763, Pontiac’s multi-tribal
alliance controlled nine of the twelve
British held forts west of the Appalachian
Mountains.
“Why do you allow the white man to live among you?
Why do you forget the ways of your ancestors? Why do
you not become true Indians once more?”
“You have bought guns, knives, kettles and blankets from
the white men. Now you think you cannot do without
them. What is worse, you have drunk the poison
firewater that turns you into fools.”
“Fling all these things away. Clothe yourselves in skins,
and use the bows and arrows, like your ancestors did.”
“As for these English, you must lift the hatchet against
them!”


In what way did the Pontiac blame his
own followers for the problems they
faced?
What two actions did he urge them to
take in order to solve their problems.


When two representatives of the Delaware
tribe parleyed with Captain Simeon Ecuyer
of Fort Pitt. He told them he would not
surrender the fort.
There were 500 people--most of them
soldiers--inside Fort Pitt, and smallpox had
broken out. As Ecuyer concluded his
meeting with the Delaware men, he offered
them gifts-including two blankets and a
handkerchief from the fort's smallpox ward
 This
was an early example of biological
warfare -- which started an epidemic
among them.
 Lord Jeffrey Amherst, commander
general of British forces in North America
had encouraged this tactic in a letter to
Ecuyer.

King George III.

Establish a basis of government administration in the
colonies.

A key legal instrument for the establishment of colonial
governments in the Province of Quebec.


Established the constitutional framework for the
negotiation of Indian treaties with the aboriginal
inhabitants of large sections of Canada.
There is nothing in Canada's Charter of Rights and
Freedoms to diminish the rights and freedoms that are
recognized as those of aboriginal peoples by the Royal
Proclamation.
 Reserved
the western lands to the
"several nations or tribes of Indians" that
were under King George’s "protection" as
their exclusive "hunting grounds."
 This
angered many Americans looking to
expand into the territory and further
fuelled what would become the
American Revolution.



The colony of Quebec was
to be given an English
lifestyle.
Governor Murray was
ordered the change over to
English laws, language,
schools, churches and
government.
The fur traders had to have
licenses before going into
native territory.
British  Proclamation
Line of 1763.


Sir Guy Carleton becomes governor
In order for the Quebec colony to be loyal to
Britain, they must be satisfied with the
government.

The appointed council was increased in
numbers, and the French were included.

Roman Catholics were now allowed to be
councilors, civil servants, judges etc.

Much of the law remained French.

The seigniorial system was secure.

The idea of Anglicization seemed to die off.
 Increased
the size of the colony, which
seemed like a barrier to the 13 colonies
that were expanding.
 To
the 13 colonies, it becomes the last
“Intolerable Act” and becomes one of
the causes of the American Revolution
 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Jn
d6lCEUXug&feature=related

New France
A colony of France located over a vast part of North America. New France was a rival
of New England for control of the fur trade and the territory. With a smaller population,
New France's policy was to forge a series of alliances with the Native peoples.
New England
Territory in North America belonging to Great Britain. Densely populated, it was
divided into 13 separate colonies, each with their own government. They were the
rivals of New France, and the Seven Years War was the fourth conflict between the
Canadian and American colonies.
Colony
Settlement founded by a Motherland. The colony is controlled by the Motherland and
cannot at any time take action that might negatively impact the metropolis. Colonies
can be exchanged under the terms of treaties, and are used merely to increase the
power and prestige of the metropolis.

Motherland
A country that founds colonies in foreign countries for its own interests. The
Motherland kept a fairly strict hold on the doings of its colonies, controlling their
foreign trade, economy, diplomatic relations and political structures.
Battle of the Plains of Abraham
A battle that took place near Quebec City on September 13, 1759. The British army,
led by Wolfe and a considerably larger number of troops (accompanied by American
soldiers) broke up the attack of the French troops led by Montcalm, which were made
up mainly of militiamen accustomed to Guerilla Warfare and unfamiliar with the
tactics of European-style war.
Capitulation
An agreement by which a fort and an army lay down their arms and surrender to the
enemy. In exchange, the enemy agrees to uphold certain rights and privileges of the
defeated opponent.

Treaty
Legal agreement between two governments to establish laws and
decisions.
Guerilla Warfare
Military tactics inspired by the Native peoples. Small armed groups
make hit-and-run attacks and raids along the borders, and even on
enemy ground, attacking remote outposts.
European-style war
Military tactics used in Europe. They involve laying siege of
fortresses and leading rows upon rows of vast, highly trained armies
meet and fight on the battlefields.
 How
does the Seven Years War and the
Treaty of Paris contribute to the
development of Canada?