Transcript Do Now and Learning Goal

Do Now and Learning Goals
•
Please copy the following learning goals into your notebook as well as the important dates
below:
By the end of the unit, I will be able to:
1. Analyze the voyages of Columbus and other Spanish explorers within the colonization
of the Americas.
2. Describe the colonial activities, the Atlantic Slave trade, and the effects on enslaved
Africans in the Americas.
3. Describe the impact and effect of European exploration and colonization of the
Americas
4. Explain the reasons for the exploration and conquest.
5. Describe the Columbian Exchange, global trade, and mercantilism
6. Explain connections of this exploration and colonization to my world today.
IMPORTANT DATES:
1. Guided Reading Notes on line and due on test day FOR 4 Bonus points – one point
per section – on your chapter test. NOTE: This is optional. NO POINTS will be
logged for incomplete, vague, or lackadaisical work.
2. Guns, Germs, and Steel: Documentary of Francisco Pizarro and Atahualpa
• Open-Mind Portrait activity: Due October 9th
3. Chapter Test: Wednesday, October 23rd.
Chapter 20
The Atlantic World
1492-1800
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p5xVZhX
TfUQ&list=PL1Kx4VVJ4TEYAaCisQxogOHeXMoPHEqf
Spain Builds an American Empire
• Accessing prior knowledge about Columbus.
– Where did he think he was going?
– Where did he reach first?
– For whom was he exploring and how many times
did he voyage into the Americas?
– Why could one say Columbus no longer explored,
but instead helped build an empire?
The Others
• Portugal:
– Pedro Alvares Cabral: Brazil
– Amerigo Vespucci: east coast of South America
– Ferdinand Magellan: southern tip of South America to
Pacific (Guam and Philippines)
• Spain: First European settlers in Americas
– Vasco Nunez de Balboa: Panama. First to see Pacific Ocean
– Hernando Cortez: Mexico and Aztec Empire
– Francisco Pizarro: Peru and Inca Empire
Cortes and Mexico
• Establishes colonies in: Mexico, South America, and United
States
• Welcomed by Aztecs and emperor Montezuma II
• Thought of as gods and were given share of fortune
• Aztecs drive out Spanish but are later conquered for 3
reasons:
– Superior weaponry
– Cortes enlists locals (Malinche – translator) who fight
against Aztec oppression
– Disease
Spain and Peru
• Francisco Pizarro vs. Atahualpa and his Incan
Empire.
Mapping the Empire’s Scope
Patterns and Techniques of Conquest
• Reconquista: a way in which Spanish explorers would impose
their culture on another people
– First used when fighting Muslims
– Live among those being conquered
– “Relationships” with native women create mestizo
• Encomienda: a land grant given by Spain to a settler
(peninsulares) giving them the right to the land and the native
people
Portugal and Brazil
• Little gold found in Brazil
• Portugal begins growing sugar to meet
European demand
• Today’s world largest exporter of sugar
Spain Expands
• Spain’s explorations create the most powerful
European empire of the time
• Empire stretches from Mexico to Peru
• Begin to spread north into what is now U.S.
• Juan Ponce De Leon claims Florida (1513)
• Francisco Vazquez de Coronado enters present
day Arizona, New Mexico, Texas, Oklahoma, and
Kansas
– No gold found
– Catholic priests set up headquarters of Catholic
religion in southwest: Santa Fe
Opposition
• Priests speak out against the encomienda
system
• Suggest Africans instead
• Spain abolishes the system in favor of African
labor
• 1680: Pope’ – Pueblo leader organizes
rebellion in New Mexico and forces Spain back
south
• 12 years of non-Spanish rule