Transcript Exploration
Exploration World History A Seminar #7 Warm Up: Using the information on page 409 in the textbook, describe the role Prince Henry the Navigator of Portugal played in world wide exploration. Portugal Sails Eastward • Established a school for improving sailing and navigational techniques. • Goal: reach India and intercept the spice trade before it traveled through Muslim territory. • Designed new ships - the caravel - prepared maps, and trained sailors in new navigational tools such as the astrolabe. (page 409) Portuguese Exploration • 1488 – Bartholomeu Dias rounded the Southern tip of Africa at the Cape of Good Hope. • 1497 – Vasco da Gama finally reached the spice port of Calicut in India • 1500 – Portuguese seize key Indian Ocean spice trade ports Christopher Columbus • Persuaded Ferdinand and Isabella of Spain to finance his voyage • 1492 - Sailed west to reach spice islands • Reached land on October 12. • Claimed discovered lands for Spain • Claim led to a huge Spanish empire Christopher Columbus • Persuaded Ferdinand and Isabella of Spain to finance his voyage • 1492 - Sailed west to reach spice islands • Reached land on October 12. • Claimed discovered lands for Spain • Claim led to a huge Spanish empire The Explorers • 1513 – Vasco Nunez de Balboa: crossed Isthmus of Panama to discover the Pacific Ocean • 1519 to 1521– Ferdinand Magellan expedition sails west from Spain. First to circumnavigate the globe. • 1500 – Amerigo Vespucci, went on several voyages and wrote letters describing the lands he saw. These letters led to the use of the name America (after Amerigo) for the new lands. The Conquistadors • Conquistador – conqueror. Name for the Spanish explorers who claimed lands in the Americas in the 1500s and 1600s. • Hernan Cortes – conquered the Aztec empire in Mexico in 1519. Brought down Aztec emperor Moctezuma with superior weapons (guns), horses and disease • Francisco Pizarro – conquered Incan empire in Peru in 1522. The Conquistadors • Conquistador – conqueror. Name for the Spanish explorers who claimed lands in the Americas in the 1500s and 1600s. • Hernan Cortes – conquered the Aztec empire in Mexico in 1519. Brought down Aztec emperor Moctezuma with superior weapons (guns), horses and disease • Francisco Pizarro – conquered Incan empire in Peru in 1522. Columbian Exchange • European conquest of the new world brought changes on both sides • Movement of goods and ideas from each side is called the Columbian Exchange. • Watch the video and complete the Chart. England and France • New France – territory stretched along the Mississippi River from Quebec in the North to Louisiana on the Gulf of Mexico. • English built their first colony at Jamestown, Virginia in 1607 • By late 1700s, the English had established 13 colonies • Dutch and Portuguese also established colonies in the New World Triangular Trade • Began in 1500s to fill the need for labor in Spain’s American empire. • The Arab empire also used slave labor, often captives taken from Africa • Warring African nations traded their captives for weapons. • The Atlantic slave trade formed one part of a three pronged trade network known as the Triangular Trade. • First leg: goods to Africa in exchange for slaves • Second leg: (Middle Passage) African slaves taken to New World to work on Plantations. Exchanged for molasses, tobacco and sugar. • Final leg: Products shipped to Europe. Triangular Trade