Unit 2: Early Modern Europe
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Transcript Unit 2: Early Modern Europe
Exploration and Empires
EQ 2:
Which nations were involved, who were
the explorers, where did they explore,
and how did they deal with the native
peoples?
Spain Builds a New Empire
The Caribbean
Encomienda System develops
Planters given large amount of land & number of Indian slaves
Attempts to Christianize Indians
Disastrous results
Overwork
Infanticide
Disease (smallpox)
Mexico
Hernan Cortes (conquistador)
Conquers the Aztec Empire in 1519
Allies with other enemy tribes
Advanced weaponry & armor
Disease
Fortune and timing
Spain’s New World Empire
Peru
Francisco Pizarro conquered Inca Empire of the Andes
Atahualpa held for ransom, Incas come up with 2 rooms full of
silver & one of gold
Pizarro kills him in spite of ransom being met
Life in Spanish Empire
Government
Run by Viceroy system – King’s representative in New World
Economy
Mining (gold/silver)
Agriculture – enslaved Indians for labor
Portuguese in New World
Cabral’s voyage in 1520,
gave Portugal claim to
Brazil
Followed Spanish
patterns of settlement
Large coastal plantations
Enslavement of natives
Treaty of Tordesillas
(1494) divided world in
2 halves btwn Portugal
& Spain
Other Nations Get Involved
France
Established empire in
Canada (New France)
Economy based on fur
Failed to attract many
colonists
Treated Indians much
more humanely than other
nations
Eventually extended
empire into America along
the Great Lakes & Miss.
River
Holland
Only 1 major colony in
America New
Netherland (NY)
Purchased from
Wampanoags in 1626
More interested in trade
colonies in Indian Ocean
(spices) & Caribbean
(sugar)
Other Nations (cont…)
England
1607 – Jamestown (VA)
Settled for gold/silver
Lost 80% in 1st year but saved by dev. of tobacco
1620 – Plymouth (MA)
Settled for religious reasons by Pilgrims (Calvinists)
English colonization characterized by:
Colonists’ eagerness to settle (land was theirs)
poor relations with Indians; resulting in years of conflict
French and Indian War, 1754-1763
Cause = dispute btwn
French & British over
upper Ohio Valley
Results =French lost
and forced to leave
North America (Treaty of
Paris, 1763)
English controlled
everything from Atlantic
to Miss. River after 1763