Transcript Chapters 1 & 2 Summary

Chapters 1 & 2
Exploration and
Settlement Summary
Native Americans
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Land bridge from Asia (Bering Strait)
In North America thousands of years
Maya, Aztec, Inca
European interest in exploration
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Crusades
Renaissance
Monarchs financed voyages of discovery
Portugal – Prince Henry the Navigator (school
for navigators)
Spain, France, England
When?
 Why?
 Where?
 How?
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Spain
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3 G’s – Gold, God, Glory
Portuguese had already found routes around Africa
– Bartholomew Dias – S. Africa
– Vasco da Gama – S. Africa to India
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Columbus – financed by Ferdinand and Isabella
– 1492 to San Salvador (Bahamas); 3 more trips
– Thought he was in the Indies
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de Soto – Florida, Mississippi
Coronado - Southwest
Cortez – Aztecs, Pizarro – Incas
Conquistadors
Scientific Advancements
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CARAVEL – Ship
that needed little
wind, could handle
extended travel
ASTROLABE –
Determined
LATITUDE on the
globe via stars
COMPASS –
Determined direction
from magnetic North
Columbus
Spain
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Caribbean, Central
& S. America,
Southern U.S.
Catholic missions,
presidios (forts),
disease, weapons,
horses; harsh
treatment of native
population
Spain
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Mestizos – mix of
Spanish and Indian
Columbian
Exchange – goods
& products between
Europe and the
Americas
St. Augustine – first
U.S. settlement
(1565)
France
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Believed in Northwest Passage
to Asia
Settled Northeast, Canada,
Louisiana (New Orleans –
military base)
Fur trade with Indians – better
relations; didn’t take their land
Champlain (Quebec)
Quebec established to keep out
rivals
Chapter 2.3 – 2.5
Textbook information begins
here
England
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Defeat of Spanish Armada 1588
Also believed in the N.W. Passage
Roanoke – first attempt unsuccessful
Charter (grant of permission) – from king
Virginia Company - Joint Stock Company –
investors (profit)
Jamestown, VA - 1607 – Capt. John Smith
Powhatan – assisted colonists; traded
http://www.history.com/shows/america-the-story-ofus/videos/life-in-jamestown
Types of Colonies
Joint - Stock – Investors/company (for
profit)
 Proprietary – Individual, small group
 Royal – King (most became royal)
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Southern – VA cont.
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Many hardships – starvation & disease
John Smith – made colonists work
Pocahontas – helped colonists
House of Burgesses - First legislative body
– Represents colonial commitment to representative
government (Parliament) and democracy
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John Rolfe – Tobacco, cash crop, saved VA
http://www.history.com/shows/america-thestory-of-us/videos/the-value-of-tobacco
Southern - VA
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Headright System – 50 free acres if you paid
your passage; attracted MANY to VA
Bacon’s Rebellion – western farmers against
Gov. Berkeley
– Poor farmers wouldn’t tolerate govt. catering
only to the rich; taxes reduced
– Wanted protection from Indians
– Eventually failed
– **Turned more to slavery; revolutionary spirit
Southern cont.
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Maryland – Lord Baltimore (proprietary)
Refuge for Catholics
Maryland Toleration Act – religious freedom
Many Protestants came
Carolina split into North & South Carolina Proprietary
Charleston – King Charles (main southern
city)
Southern Cont.
Georgia – James Oglethorpe
 Haven for debtors, buffer zone
(Spanish FL)
 Most were poor traders & artisans
 No slaves, alcohol, gambling
 VIRGINIA, MARYLAND, NORTH
CAROLINA, SOUTH CAROLINA,
GEORGIA
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New England
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Separatists – Pilgrims – 1620 – Plymouth
(Massachusetts) – William Bradford
Mayflower (Compact) – agreed to obey laws;
self government – founding principle
Puritans – religious dissidents
John Winthrop – governor of Massachusetts
Bay Colony
Salvation through moral lives; strict
Town meetings – basis of representative govt.
Education important – read Bible (Harvard – 1st
college)
New England cont.
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Salem Witch Trials
Did not practice religious toleration
Dissidents Roger Williams (Rhode Island), Anne
Hutchinson banished, RI & CT more tolerant –
Baptists, Quakers, Jews
Puritans viewed Indians as lazy savages
Pequot War – Puritans attacked and killed village –
women, kids, etc. Very brutal.
Halfway Covenant – loosened requirements for
Church membership which was declining
New England cont.
King Philip’s War (Chief Metacom)
Indians defeated and lost most land in
New England
 Virtually destroyed Indians
 Others: Connecticut, New Hampshire
 MASSACHUSETTS, RHODE ISLAND,
NEW HAMPSHIRE, CONNECTICUT
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Middle Colonies
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Dutch – New Netherlands
Hudson River - New Amsterdam (NY)
England took over – established New York,
New Jersey
Delaware – Sweden and Finland; trade,
farming
Pennsylvania – William Penn, proprietor
Quakers – tolerant, refused to bear arms,
equality of women
Middle cont.
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Most diverse colonies
– Economically – trade, farming, etc.
Diverse population (nationalities)
 Religious toleration
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NEW YORK, NEW JERSEY,
DELAWARE, PENNSYLVANIA