Transcript New England Colonies

Period 1 & 2 Review Session
APUSH: Schulte
Periods 1 & 2
• Period 1
– 1491 – Columbus
– 1607 – Jamestown Founded
• Period 2
– 1607 – Jamestown Founded
– 1754 - Albany Plan of Union
Period of
European
Exploration
British
Colonization in
the Americas
Natives: The 1st Inhabitants
• Beringia Land Bridge –
– Became exposed during the Glacier Period
• How did these Indians adapt to their environment
– Plains Indians – Nomadic lifestyle
– Southwest Indians– Irrigation for farming
Impact of Spanish Exploration
• Spanish Exploration – 3 G’s
– Make Spain wealthy - # 1 Goal
– Spreading Christianity – Long lasting legacy
• Contact
– Mestizo, the offspring of Spanish/Indian relations
– Smallpox wipe out Mexican natives
– Disease will kill 90 % of the population
Columbian Exchange
• Impact of horses and guns
– Advanced the hunting and survival techniques of the
Indians
• Sugar – increases the demand for slaves in the
Caribbean
Sextant
• A navigation
instrument that
measured the degree
of altitude of celestial
bodies
15th & 16th Century European Exploration
• Portugal
– Dominated African slave trade
• England
– No real significant presence yet
• France
– Fur trading and trapping
• Dutch
– Good relations with the Indians, offered to pay for land
• Spanish
– Conquer and convert the savages convert to Christianity
Encomienda System
• A Spanish system under which the first settlers
had been granted authority over conquered
Indian lands with the right to extract forced
labor from the native inhabitants
• Goals:
– Exploit labor
– Convert to Christianity
Land: 2 differing views
Native View
• Belongs to everyone
European View
• Land represented wealth
• Land should be used to its
fullest extent , improve
the land
– This was justification for
some countries to take
over the land from the
Indians
Period 2
British Colonization in the Americas
•New England Colonies
•New Hampshire
•Massachusetts
•Rhode Island
•Connecticut
•Middle Colonies
•New York
•Pennsylvania
•Delaware
•New Jersey
•Southern Colonies
•Maryland (Chesapeake)
•Virginia (Chesapeake)
•North Carolina
•South Carolina
•Georgia
Colonial Regions
Middle Colonies
• ______________
Known as the bread colonies
All Colonies
• ______________
By the early 1700s slavery was
legal in this colony
Chesapeake Bay Colonies These colonies made their fortune
• ______________
through the cultivation of tobacco
England Colonies These colonies relied on trade due
• New
______________
to the lack of land that could be cultivated and their
close proximity to the Atlantic Ocean and an
intricate river system.
Jamestown
• First permanent English Colony
John Winthrop
• Governor of the Massachusetts Bay
Colony
• Claimed the Puritans should
establish a “city upon a hill”
Maryland
–Lord Baltimore
–First proprietary colony; only
Catholic colony
–Guaranteed religious freedom to
all Christians
Pennsylvania
– Proprietary colony; William Penn
– Religious freedom, no established church
– Home to the first white settlers to
disapprove of slavery
– Strong relations with local Indians
– Society of Friends (Quakers)
Anne Hutchinson
• Banished from Massachusetts
• Challenged Puritan orthodoxy
• Challenged gender roles of the time
Rhode Island
–Roger Williams
–Religious Toleration
–Protection of Catholics to worship
freely
Puritans
• Which group of people emigrated to
the Americas after renouncing the
Church of England?
Uprising of 1622
• Violent confrontation between
the colonists of Virginia and the
Powhatan Indians
Stono Rebellion
• Largest slave rebellion of the British
North American colonies
Tobacco
• Primary cash crop of the
Chesapeake colonies
Iroquois
• This group of Indians kept good
relations with the colonists and
profited heavily off of trade, they
even helped the Europeans fight
other Indians.
Mercantilism
• Regulating trade and goods in
exchange for raw materials, all to
profit the mother country
• This was the accepted economic
system of European countries during
this time
Colonies turned to slavery as the
main source of labor
• What was the major effect of the
following:
–Improved living conditions in England
–Lower death rates in the Americas
–Difficulty enslaving the Natives
Laissez Faire/Salutary Neglect
• Prior to French and Indian War,
what was Britain’s policy of
interaction with the colonies?
American Enlightenment
• This European idea spread to the
colonies and caused the colonists to
question and resist British imperial
control?
• (Scientific reasoning, question
everything)
Great Awakening
• Which 18th-century religious movement
in the British colonies most clearly
signified growing religious independence,
diversity, and uniqueness?
French & Indian War
Years:
Causes:
Sides:
Battles:
1754-1763
Ohio River Valley, Great Lakes Area, Canada
-Competing claims by Virginia/Pennsylvania, France, & Six Iroquois
Nations
-French began building Forts in the Ohio Valley
-VA sent George Washington to persuade French to leave-French troops
drove Washington back to VA
-British dispatched General Braddock and 1000 regular troops to seize
Fort Duquesne
British & Colonists v French & Indians
-Braddock’s defeat at Fort Duquesne (1755) (Braddock’s troops
ambushed by Indians-Braddock killed)
-British capture Fort Duquesne (1758)
-British capture Louisbourg (French Fortress)
-Fall of Quebec (1759)
-Pontiac’s Rebellion (1763)- led to Proclamation of 1763
Key
People:
Key
Terms:
-George Washington-defeat at Fort Duquesne
-General Edward Braddock-defeat at Fort Duquesne (British)
-William Pitt (British Secretary of State)
-General Jeffery Amherst-Fall of Fort Duquesne & Louisbourg (British)
-General James Wolfe-fall of Quebec & Louisbourg (British)
-King George III (gains throne in 1760)
Albany Plan of the Union
Salutary Neglect
Treaty of Paris
Effects & -France gave up all claims east of the Mississippi except New Orleans
Outcome: -France ceded the Louisiana Territory to Spain (sold back to France in 1800)
-British have control of Canada
-Colonists begin to rely on each other
-Britain has great war debt and begins taxing colonists (end of Salutary
neglect; use of Mercantilism)
-Pontiac’s Rebellion will lead to the British leaving 10,000 British soldiers in
the Ohio River Valley & Great Lakes regions
-will lead to causes of American Revolution