Transcript Ch. 14 Slides Exploration and Colonization

Ch 14
1500’s - 1600’s
Exploration and Colonization of the Americas
Population and Economic Changes
Rise of Strong Monarchs in England and France
Height of the Spanish Empire
Central and Eastern Europe:
Holy Roman Empire
Poland
Ottoman Empire
Machiavelli’s ideas on Politics (The Prince)
1
Exploration of Americas
God, Glory and Gold
Why sudden urge to
explore? (5)
From Antwerp to
Amsterdam
2
Explorers:
Sailing for Portugal:
Bartholomew Dias - rounds Cape of Good
Hope 1487
Vasco da Gama - reaches India
For Spain:
Columbus - America
Magellan - circumnavigates globe
3
Who conquered whom?
Aztec = Hernando
Cortes
Inca = Francisco Pizarro
How?
Guns, Germs and Steel
by Jared Diamond
4
Results of Exploration
and Colonization
Exploration and colonization of the
Americas will have an/a
economic
political
social - Columbian Exchange
intellectual
impact on European.
5
Spanish Colonial Economy
Exploitive, extractive, mercantilist policies
Encomienda
Repartimiento
Debt Peonage
6
Spanish Colonies
Government:
King
Council of Indies
audiencias
Viceroys - viceroyalties
Religion:
Roman Catholicism - Jesuits
7
Spanish Society
Peninsulares
Creoles
Mulatos and Mestizos
Indians and. . . .
slaves after de las Casas. . .
8
Critics of Treatment of Indians
Bartolome de las Casas 1515 = Black
Legend
Michel de Montaigne “On Cannibals”
1560
Christian Humanism convert and civilize
9
Slavery and slave trade
dominated by....
Portugal and Spain in 16th century
Dutch in 17th century
British - late 17th and early 18th century
Peak of slave trade = 18th century
Why? sugar production in West Indies
and Brazil very profitable
10
The Netherlands
The Dutch - Holland
Why #1 commercial power of 17th c?
innovations in commerce and maritime
technology
geography
culture
Rembrandt
11
Mercantilism
protectionist laws - tariffs
monopolies
embraced by all types of governments:
absolutist republic, constitutional
monarchy
12
New economic theories:
mercantilism - adopted by rulers
capitalism - adopted by entrepreneurs
13
Commercial Revolution
Changes in commerce and trade occurring
in the 16th and 17th century as a result of
the discovery of the Americas
14
What does Commercial Rev
bring?
new trading center
triangular trade
price revolution - inflation
rise of capitalists - capitalism
new banking and commercial practices
banking
bill of exchange
joint stock companies
15
Rise of Strong Monarchs
in 16th and 17th century?
WEST:
France
England
Spain
Italy
Central/East:
Holy Roman Empire
Hungary
Poland
Ottoman Empire
16
17
Machiavelli’s The Prince
soldiers v. mercenaries = standing armies
It is better to be feared than loved, if one
must choose.
A Prince should be both a lion and a fox;
a fox to discern toils and a lion to drive off
wolves
18