Transcript The Age of Exploration

The Age of Exploration
World History
What is it?
► was
a period in human history starting in
the 15th Century and continuing into the
17th Century, during which Europeans
explored the world by ocean searching
for trading partners and particular trade
goods.
Motives/Causes
► Increase
desire to trade with Asia
► A desire to find a new route to the riches
of Asia (faster)
► Curiosity about the world inspired by the
Crusades and the tales of Marco Polo.
► Technological Advances made it possible
► 3 G’s: God, Glory, Gold
Motives
1. Glory: Discovery of Fantastic Lands
A. The Travels of John Manderville
B. Magical Kingdom of Prester John (Africa)
C. Lands of giants and other evil creatures
D. Mysterious Christian kingdoms (India)
2. Gold: Economics
A. Spices, silks, porcelain from Asia
B. New trading areas, direct access to the
East
Motives, continued
3. God: Religious Zeal
A. Crusading mentality
1. Portugal & Spain (Catholic)
B. Convert the heathens worldwide
C. Spiritual & secular matters closely
intertwined
In other words: GOD, GLORY &
GOLD
Technological Advances
• Advances in technology such as the
astrolabe and the compass made
ocean navigation more exact.
►Better ships
►Better maps
►Compass
►Astrolabe
(Measured the latitude using
the stars at night)
Explorers
Prince Henry the Navigator
► Set
up a school for
sailors
► Secured financing for
expeditions
► Sent explorers down
the coast of Africa
Bartholomeu Dias
► 1488,
Dias reached the
southern tip of Africa,
latter called the Cape
of Good Hope.
Christopher Columbus
► hoped
to find a route
to the east (West
Indies, Asia) by sailing
west.
► 1492 discovered what
would become known
as “The New World”.
Effects/Results
► Economic:
Overseas expansion led to increased
power and wealth for European powers
► Destruction of empires and civilizations in the
Americas
► Social change: impact of sugar and spices
 Exchange of diseases
► Cultural
changes (Christianity spread)
► Growth of the middle class (Europe)
► Slave Trade began (Amerindians died of diseases)
Countries Involved
South America
►
►
Portugal (began first)
Spain
North America
►
►
England
France
Rivalry
► Portugal
and Spain worried the other would
claim their lands
► Line of Demarcation (imaginary line dividing
spheres, line ran N & S)
 Treaty of Tordesillas (1494)
►East
of Line: Portugal
►West of Line: Spain
Voyages of Exploration
Extension
Age of Exploration Assignment
► You
have a selected explorer.
► On an index card do the following:
 Front
►Write
their name (written in pen)
►Print Picture of them
 Back
►What
country are they from
►Years they navigated
►What areas did the navigate, explorer, or discover?
Spanish Empire
► Conquistadors:
Spanish conquerors
 Hernan Cortes: Aztec
 Francisco Pizarro: Inca
► Took
lands, controlled people, converted to
Christianity, mistreated Natives, changed
American culture
Encomienda
►Established
by the Spanish in their
American Colonies.
►Spanish Used Native People as Cheap
Labor
►Spanish Converted many Native People
to Catholic Religion
Mercantilism
►Economic
Theory Tied into the Age of
Exploration and Colonization.
►Wealth and Power of a Nation is
Measured in Gold, Silver, and
number of colonies
►Colonies Exist for the Benefit of the
Mother Country
Slave Trade
► 1518:
first ship arrived in the Americas with
the 1st slaves from Africa
► Triangular Trade
► Middle Passage: the journey of slaves from
Africa to Americas
► 275,000
(approx)
Africans exported in the 16th century.
Triangular Trade
►
►
Trade
Between
Europe,
Africa, and
the Americas
Manufacture
d Goods,
Slaves, and
raw materials
such as
sugar cane.
Slave Labor
► Cheap
Labor to Replace
Native People that died
from diseases.
► Brought from Africa.
Slavery
► Causes
► Effects
 Needed cheap labor in
Americas
► Sugar
Plantations
 Effected lives of slaves
 Increased warfare in
Africa
 Population declined in
Africa
 New culture influence in
the Americas
Columbian Exchange
► Global
Transfer of Goods, Animals, Plants,
Foods, and Diseases between the Americas
and Europe.
Old World to New World:
New World to Old World:
Diseases:
Smallpox
Measles
Chicken Pox
Malaria
Yellow Fever
Influenza
The Common Cold
Syphilis
Animals:
Horses
Cattle
Pigs
Sheep
Goats
Chickens
Turkeys
Llamas
Alpacas
Guinea Pigs
Plants:
Rice
Wheat
Barley
Oats
Coffee
Sugarcane
Bananas
Melons
Olives Dandelions
Daisies
Clover
Ragweed
Kentucky Bluegrass
Corn (Maize)
Potatoes (White & Sweet Varieties)
Beans (Snap, Kidney, & Lima Varieties)
Tobacco
Peanuts
Squash
Peppers
Tomatoes
Pumpkins
Pineapples
Cacao (Source of Chocolate)
Chicle (Source of Chewing Gum)
Papayas
Manioc (Tapioca)
Guavas
Avocados