Transcript Natives and Intro to Exploration

BELLWORK
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Define the following:
Nomadic
Sedentary
Colony
Egalitarian
What are the pros/cons of an egalitarian
society?
6. THINKER: Make a prediction – who were the
first people to migrate to America? Why do
you think they chose to migrate?
BELLWORK 8/15
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5.
Grab a handout from the front and read the
“Geography of the Americas” section. Next, answer
the following questions:
What geographic obstacles did Europeans face in
their colonization of Latin America?
How did the physical obstacles effect the government
of Latin America?
Compare and contrast the geographical
advantages/disadvantages between Spanish South
America and British North America.
Why were bodies of water important to early
settlements?
THINKER: Which regions of the Americas were
colonized by the British? Which regions of the
Americas were colonized by the Spanish?
Also label…..
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Straight of Magellan
Cape Horn
Amazon River
Andes Mountains
Rocky Mountains
Appalachian Mountains
Sierra Madres Mountains
Pacific Ocean
Atlantic Ocean
Caribbean Sea
Mississippi River
The Earliest Americans
• The first Native
Americans migrated to
the New World through
Beringia: the land bridge
connecting Asia to
Alaska.
• Over thousands of years,
the native population
began to expand
southward and eastward.
Native American Groups by 1500
Native
American
groups preEuropean
colonization
The Earliest Americans
• The Native Americans were
comprised of three different
groups:
1. Cliff Dwellers
2. Mound Builders
3. Eastern Woodland groups
Cliff Dwellers
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Lived in the desert climates
Developed farming
Used irrigation
Built great works of architecture
(underground houses, dams, spiritual
centers)
• Formed egalitarian societies: everyone is
equal; no kings or chiefs
Mound-builders
• Lived in the watered countryside of
the Midwest
• Built huge burial mounds
• Traded widely (glass, copper, clothes,
and jewelry)
• Worked with metal
Eastern Woodland groups
• Lived in forests along the Eastern
coasts of the Americas
• Practiced hunting and farming
• Dominated by the Iroquois
Alliance.
• Iroquois Alliance: most populous
group in the east; combined 5
Native American groups for mutual
protection.
Exploration of the Americas
• Why do you think Europeans first
came to the Americas?
European Exploration Wkst.
• During the exploration era, four main countries
colonized the Americas:
• Spain
• Portugal
• France
• England
• Each country had their own goals for colonization.
• To learn more about exploration and discovery of the
Americas, you are going to complete a graphic
organizer specific to the European powers and their
effort to colonize.
• Use the handout to complete the BRITISH and
SPANISH portions & “History of Latin America” pgs.
53-63 to complete the PORTUGUESE column.
Portuguese Exploration
Red – actual possessions
Orange – areas of influence; trade
Olive/Blue – areas of exploration
Green – trading posts
Pink – places of rule w/ self-government
Spain and Portugal: European Rivals
SPAIN: Christopher Columbus
PORTUGAL: Amerigo Vespucci
Portuguese map of Brazil: 1519
June 7, 1494: Treaty of Tordesillas
• Divided the newly
discovered lands outside
Europe between Portugal
and Spain
• The lands to the east
would belong to Portugal
and the lands to the west
to Spain.
• The treaty was ratified by
both countries.
• The other side of the world
would be divided a few
decades later by the Treaty
of Zaragoza
Portuguese map of division: 1502
Portuguese Empire
Spain and Portugal: European Rivals
• Both European powers fought for control
over western ocean routes.
• Christopher Columbus charted his voyage
to the New World in 1492, representing
Spain.
• Amerigo Vespucci was on a Portuguese
voyage in 1501 – his writings were
distributed faster than Columbus,
therefore having the world named after
him.
Discussion
• Evaluate the system of mercantilism. (What
was its purpose? Who did it benefit?
Disadvantages?)
• Compare and contrast the political control of
British North America and Spanish South
America.
• Explain how the Americas were effected by
religion. How did the religions of the British
colonies differ from the Spanish colonies?
• How did Europeans view the natives? Do you
think these views influence modern stereotypes
of these groups? Explain!
• “The houses of these Indians are the most
beautiful I have ever seen and I swear that the
closer I get to the mainland, the better they
become. They’re like grand pavilions, like royal
tents in an encampment without streets. One
here, another there. They are well swept and
quite clean inside, and the furnishings are
arranged in good order. All are built of very
beautiful palm prances. This land is so
beautiful, I could go on praising it forever.”
- Christopher Columbus
- October 12, 1492
- Upon first arrival in the New World
(Bahamas)