Transcript Exploration and Euro Control

BELLWORK
1. How did Spanish treatment of indigenous populations differ from
the British?
2. How did the motives of colonization differ between Spain and
England?
3. Who had stronger control of their colonies, England or Spain?
How was the control of their colonies different? (Think about how
they set up their government)
4. Compare/Contrast social divisions within Spanish & English
colonies.
5. What was the goal of mercantilism?
6. THINKER: How did Europeans view the natives? Do you think
these views influence modern stereotypes of these groups?
Explain!
Spain and Portugal: European Rivals
SPAIN: Christopher Columbus
PORTUGAL: Amerigo Vespucci
Spain and Portugal: European Rivals
• Both European powers fought for control over
western ocean routes.
• Christopher Columbus charted his voyage to
the New World in 1492, representing Spain.
• Amerigo Vespucci was on a Portuguese voyage
in 1501 – his writings were distributed faster
than Columbus, therefore having the world
named after him.
June 7, 1494: Treaty of Tordesillas
• Divided the newly discovered
lands outside Europe between
Portugal and Spain
• The lands to the east would
belong to Portugal and the
lands to the west to Spain.
• The treaty was ratified by both
countries.
• The other side of the world
would be divided a few decades
later by the Treaty of Zaragoza
Portuguese map of division: 1502
In-class work
• Now that we have learned about
British/Spanish goals of exploration, you
are going to read about the early
leader…… Portugal.
• Use the “History of Latin America”
textbook pgs. 53-63 to complete the
PORTUGUESE column
Portuguese Colonization
• Why was Portugal the early leader of exploration? If
they were so powerful, why did they have less
colonies in comparison to England and Spain?
• Joao Fernandes Lavrador visited the North Atlantic
coast to establish fishing grounds
• Claimed Newfoundland and Labrador for Portugal
– unsuccessful in maintaining control so they abandoned their
land to focus on South America
• Pedro Alvares Cabral claimed Brazil for Portugal
Portuguese Exploration
Red – actual possessions
Orange – areas of influence; trade
Olive/Blue – areas of exploration
Green – trading posts
Portuguese map of Brazil: 1519
Portuguese Control
• Once established, the Portuguese
government divided their territory
into Captaincy colonies
• These individual colonies were
autonomous, and each was owned
and run by a Captain-major
• Unlike the Spanish colonies,
Portuguese rule was relatively
relaxed
• Instead of focusing on control,
Portugal aimed to provide a steady
income for the Empire
Portuguese Empire
• “The houses of these Indians are the most beautiful I
have ever seen and I swear that the closer I get to the
mainland, the better they become. They’re like grand
pavilions, like royal tents in an encampment without
streets. One here, another there. They are well swept
and quite clean inside, and the furnishings are
arranged in good order. All are built of very beautiful
palm prances. This land is so beautiful, I could go on
praising it forever.”
- Christopher Columbus
- October 12, 1492
- Upon first arrival in the New World (Bahamas)
French Control of the Americas
• In 1524, under the rule of
King Francis I, Italian-born
Giovanni da Verrazano
explored the region between
Florida and Newfoundland
– Route to the Pacific Ocean
– Wealth from resources (fur,
lumber, fish)
• In 1534, Francis sent
Jacques Cartier on three
voyages to explore the
Eastern coast of Canada
French Control
• Originally, King Francis
maintained strict control of the
colonies (taxes & trade)
• Slave ownership by the French
was high, especially in the
Caribbean.
– divided by race
• Since the majority of slaves
worked on sugar plantations in
the Caribbean, a lot of uprisings
started here
– French colonies, like Haiti,
gained independence through
slave revolts
• By 1763, France had lost most of
their territory to England in a
series of six colonial wars
Review Game
• Colonial control!!!
Discussion: Geography of the Americas
• From the “Geography of the Americas” section….
1. What geographic obstacles did Europeans face in their
colonization of Latin America?
2. How did the physical obstacles effect the government of Latin
America?
3. Compare and contrast the geographical
advantages/disadvantages between Spanish South America
and British North America.
4. Why were bodies of water important to early settlements?
5. Which regions of the Americas were colonized by the British?
Which regions of the Americas were colonized by the
Spanish?