Transcript The Age of Exploration

Objective: To
identify and
understand the
motives for
exploring and the
lasting effects
that the nations
of Europe had on
the world.
Essential
Question: How
have the nations
of Europe
changed the
world following
the Age of
Exploration?
The Age of Exploration
Background:
1450s- 1700s Nations of Europe explore world
 Sail the globe
 Map out oceans and landmasses
Gain might and wealth- control territories they conquer
 Superior technology
Conquered people exposed to disease
 Nations of Europe gain geographical, navigational &
scientific knowledge
Colonization helps European culture become dominant
Background Contd:
Moral price to pay- at
expense of native people
Exploration/ Colonization
went with war, greed,
prejudice, religious
tolerance, and slavery
Many parts of the world
remained under European
control for 100s of years.
Europe’s “Backwardness”
Prior to 1450
Why & How did the Europeans become the 1st to
explore the world around them?
 For centuries less advanced than counterparts in the
M.E. and China
 Middle Ages- manoralism, Black Death, poor classes
 1400s – Limited understanding of world around
them (Knew the Mediterranean, Baltic and North
Seas)
 Africa, M.E. Russia and Atlantic still largely
unknown
Economic Motives:
 Primary motivation =
economic
 During Middle Ages know
of wealth of Far East
- Mediterranean trade
- Crusades
- Marco Polo
*** All give Euro. Ideas of
China, Indies and Jpn.
-Thirst for silk, spices, fruit,
jewels, slaves and metals
New
Technology:
Use loadstone from Chinese to
make compasses
Better knowledge of stars
(Arabs)
Better navigational tools
(astrolabe a& sextant)
Improved naval technology
(bigger ships, longer heels)
Gunpowder & Artillery
The 1st Wave of Exploration:
Spain & Portugal:
• Spain and Portugal had
knowledge of
Mediterranean (wars
with Ottomans)
• Portugal head around tip
of Africa & sail around
India
• Spain looks for route to
China by sailing west
-Discover Americas &
Pacific
• By 1520 sail around the
globe for the 1st time
Prince Henry The Navigator:
Portugal begins Exp. w/
Prince Henry
Attempt to find sea route
to India & bypass trades of
the Middle East
Claim islands in Atlantic,
coastal areas of W. Africa
1400 Bartolomeu Diaz –
reaches southern tip names
it Cape of Good Hope
Spain: Christopher Columbus
& The New World:
 Spain wants to find own route to
Asia
 1492 Columbus voyage- sponsored
by Ferdinand & Isabella
 Columbus sail west in order to
reach China- Atlantic is small
enough to do so?
 Leaves August lands in Caribbean
on Oct. 12th 1492
 Convinces he found the Indies- Sp.
& Port. aware new lands
 Amerigo Vespucci formally maps
Americas thus -name from him
 Line of Demarcation 1493 by Pope
Other Explorers:
• 1488 Portuguese Explorer Vasco de Gama reaches India
• 1513 Balboa discovers Panama- see both oceans –
inspire Magellan
• 1520 Portuguese Cptn. Ferdinand Magellan sailing for
Spain transverse Atlantic – goes around the globe
• The Conquistadors: Cortes- the Aztecs, Pizzaro- the
Incas
• Ponce de Leon- Florida
• Spain & Portugal take land in West Africa, the Far East
and the New World
– Spread of Roman Catholicism
– Roots of slavery- when natives in new world die turn to
Africa
The Northern Wave of Exploration
The English, French & Dutch
1500-1600
• Use Spanish & Port. Knowledge of New
World- rivalry
• Search for Northwest passage to China and
India through the Arctic
Northern Wave Colonization &
Exploration:
English
French
• 1520s
– Giovanni Verrazano
– Jacques Cartier – St.
Lawrence
– Canada animal furs
– Sam Champlain
– Great Lakes &
Mississppi
– Joliet & Marquette
– Robert La Salle
– Louisiana
Dutch
• John Cabot• Seize colonies Northwest Arctic
passage
from
• Naval wars with
Portuguese
Spanish Armada
– Dutch East
India Co. in • Sir Francis Drake
Asia
• Colonies from
– IndonesiaCarolinas to
Sumatra, Java
Canadian border
– Henry Hudson
• Jamestown &
– 1624 New
Puritans
Amsterdam
(Manhattan) • South Asia
• India 1608
• British East India Co
Links
• http://www.quia.com/quiz/264141.html
Name that Explorer Quiz
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ScsguXzqeM&feature=results_video&playnext=1&list=PL44D6F0E3273
36860
• Magellan BBC Special
Sources
• Google Images
• BBC