Transcript Exploration and expansion

The Age of Exploration
EXPLORATION AND EXPANSION
EXPLORATION AND EXPANSION

Motives and Means
 A.
European Exploration
 1.
Portugal
 2. Spain
 3. Dutch
 4. England
 5. France
EXPLORATION AND EXPANSION

Motives
 Marco
Polo visits Kublai Khan, writes The Travels,
describing exotic East experience.
 Conquests of Ottoman Turks leads to travels by sea
EXPLORATION AND EXPANSION

Five Motives for Exploration
 Expand
Trade
 Search for spices and gold
 Religious zeal-introduce Catholic Faith
 Convert natives to Christianity
 The 3 G’s—God, Glory, Gold (religion, fame, fortune)
EXPLORATION AND EXPANSION

The Portuguese Trading Empire
 1.
Leader in trading
 2. Explored western coast of Africa-The gold Coast
 3. Bartholomeu Dias-sailed Cape of Good Hope
EXPLORATION AND EXPANSION
 4.
Vasco de Gama-sailed around Cape of Good
Hope and cut across Indian Ocean to Asia. Sold
spices and made profit of several thousand
percent.
 5. Portuguese destroy Muslim shipping and control
spice trade.
 6. Admiral Afonso-set up trading
port at Goa.
7. Melaka-thriving port for spice
trade.
EXPLORATION AND EXPANSION

Voyages to The Americas
 1.
Spanish sail west across the Atlantic to reach
spice trade.
 2. Portuguese sail east through Indian Ocean to
reach spice trade
EXPLORATION AND EXPANSION

Voyages of Columbus
 Italian
explorer sponsored by Spanish Queen
Isabella.
 Reached Caribbean and Honduras-called it the
Indies
EXPLORATION AND EXPANSION

A Line of Demarcation
 Treaty
of Tordesillas 1494- gave Portugal control of
the trade routes around Africa, Spain had rights to
the Americas
EXPLORATION AND EXPANSION

Treaty of Tordesillas
EXPLORATION AND EXPANSION

Race to the Americas
 John
Cabot-explored New England coast line of the
Americas
 Amerigo Vespucci-accompanied Pedro Cabral on
voyages to South America
EXPLORATION AND EXPANSION

THE SPANISH EMPIRE
EXPLORATION AND EXPANSION
The Spanish Empire
 Spanish Explorers were called Conquistadors
 Hernan
Cortes-took Aztec empire in 3 years
 Francisco Pizarro-controlled Incan empire
 Spanish take control of Latin America in 30 years
 Portuguese take Brazil due to line of demarcation
 1535 colonial governments set up in Americas
EXPLORATION AND EXPANSION

The Spanish Empire
 Native
Americans declared subjects by Queen
Isabella
 Granted the Spanish encomienda, the right to use
Native Americans as laborers.
 Spanish did not protect Native Americans as
directed by Queen
 Native Americans put to work on plantations and
mines
EXPLORATION AND EXPANISON
The Spanish Empire
Native Americans begin to die due to forced labor,
starvation and disease.
 Europeans diseases: smallpox, measles, and typhus.
 Hispaniola had population of 250,000 when Columbus
arrived
 1538 only 500 Native Americans alive
 Mexico : Population went from 25 million(1519) to 1
million (1630)

EXPLORATION AND EXPANSION

The Spanish Empire
 Catholics
contribute to conquest by converting and
baptizing natives
 Churches, schools, hospitals built. Represent
European society
 Native American traditions replaced with European
systems of Religion, language, culture, and
government
EXPLORATION AND EXPANSION

Economic Impact and Competition
 Aztecs
viewed conquerers as greedy pigs who
longed for gold.
 Colonists began to establish plantations and
ranches to raise sugar, cotton, vanilla, livestock and
other new products
 Potatoes, cocoa, corn and tobacco native to the
Americas were shipped to Europe
 Exchange between old and new worlds became
known as the Columbian Exchange
EXPLORATION AND EXPANSION

Economic Impact and Competition
 New
Rivals Enter the Scene
 Spanish
establish colonies in the Philippine Islands
 English settle in India
 Dutch settle in India, establish the East India Company to
compete with English and Portuguese.
 Dutch settle in America and establish the West India
Company to compete with Spanish and Portuguese
 English eventually crush Dutch empire in the Americas
and take over, renaming areas such as New York.
EXPLORATION AND EXPANSION

Economic Impact and Competition
 New
Rivals Enter the Scene
 1600’s
French colonize parts of Canada and Louisiana
 English settle and founded Virginia and Massachusetts
Bay Colonies
 1700, English have colonial empire along eastern
seaboard of North America
EXPLORATION AND EXPANSION

Economic Impact and Competition

Trade, Colonies, and Mercantilism
 European
nations enter the Commercial Revolution
 Mercantilism-a set of principals that dominated economic
thought during 1600’s
 Idea behind mercantilism-the prosperity of a nation depended
on large supply of gold and silver. The more gold and silver a
nation had, the more prosperous the nation was.
 Balance of Trade is the difference in value between what a
nation imports and what a nation exports. Favorable balance
shows more exports than imports