Transcript Exploration and Expansion - iMater Charter Middle/High School

Exploration
and
Expansion
Chapter 11, Lesson 1-2
EQ: What factors contributed to the
Europeans entrance into their age of
discovery and expansion?
Academic Vocabulary: Chapter 11,
Lesson 1-2
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Caravel
Conquistador
Columbian Exchange
Treaty of Tordesillas ( pg. 194)
Mercantilism
Middle Passage
Technology
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Compass (China)
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Astrolabe (Arabs)
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Triangle-shaped sails
(Arabs)
Gunpowder (China)
Activity: Reasons for
Exploration
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Read pg. 192 “Motives and Means”
Complete the following web diagram
Reasons for
Exploration
15 minutes
Reason #2:
Reasons for Expansion
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Trade with Asia
• Marco Polo
• Spices
• Cut off by Arab empires
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Economic and political
expansion
• Three G’s
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Gold - Wealth
Glory – Power/Empire
God - Christianity
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Traveled down coast of
Africa (Gold Coast) and
over to India (spices)
Prince Henry the
Navigator – 1419,
established a school for
sailors
Bartholomew Diaz –
1487, Cape of Good Hope
Vasco da Gama – 1498,
around Africa to India
Portuguese
Early Spanish
Exploration
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Columbus (1492)
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Convinced Queen Isabella to support his journey
Landed on San Salvador, Hispaniola, and Cuba
Called natives “Indians”
Never realized he wasn’t in Asia
Magellan
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1519 Portuguese sailor sailing for Spain
Sailed around S. America (Straight of Magellan)
Named and crossed the Pacific Ocean
Killed in the Philippines
Del Cano led ship that circumnavigated the
world
http://www.biography.com/people/ferdinand-magellan-9395202/videos/ferdinand-magellan-mini-biography-39300675603
Magellan’s Circumnavigation
Dividing the New World
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Spain and Portugal each claimed
Turned to Pope for help
1494 – Treaty of Tordesillas splits
new territory
• Brazil = Portuguese
• Rest of South America = Spanish
Treaty of Tordesillas
Spanish Empire
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Conquistadors
• Cortes – took over Aztecs in Mexico
• Pizarro – took over Incas in Peru
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Encomienda
• Indians were forced to work by the Spanish
• Indians were converted to Catholicism
• Bartolome de las Casas –monk; helped Indians
Activity: Graphic Organizer
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Read Chapter 11, Lesson1. Complete a Foldable
• (1)Portugal
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Explorers (At least 2), year explored,
Regions Explored
Voyage Significance
• (2)Spain *(except Columbus & Magellan)
Explorers (At least 2), year explored,
 Regions Explored
 Voyage Significance
• (3) England, (4) France, (5)Netherlands
 List the regions each country explored and
explain how they settled these regions, and their
voyages significance
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Ch. 10, Lesson 1 Review
Questions
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How were Spain and Portugal able to take the
lead in discovering new lands?
What were the results of Spanish and Portuguese
conquest in America?
Summarizing: Use your graphic organizer on
European Exploration to write a paragraph
summarizing the major explores and the regions
each nation explored?
Effects of Exploration
and Expansion
Chapter 11: Lesson 2
Columbian Exchange
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An large trade
network, resulting
in the exchange of
plants and animals
between Europe
and the Americas.
• Europe Received –
corn, cocoa,
potatoes, sweet
potatoes, beans
• Americas Received
– horses, cows, pigs,
sugar; ultimately
disease (small pox)
Activity: Columbian Exchange :
Read the Columbian Exchange (pg. 199)
Answer the Guided Question: How did the Columbian Exchange affect the
Americas and Europe?
New European Economic Systems
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With exploration and conquest, Europeans followed
two economic systems to strengthen their countries:
(1)Mercantilism
– mother country
benefits from
having colonies by
exporting more
than they import;
the goal is to gain
large amounts of
gold/wealth
(2)Triangular
Trade – Europe,
Africa,
Americas trade
key product:
African slaves
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First Leg—carried American raw products to Europe (e.g., cotton)
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Second leg of triangle— ships carrying European
manufactured goods (e.g., cloth,) to Africa to be exchanged for
slaves weapons
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Third leg (Middle Passage)— brought Africans to Americas to
be sold.
Slave Trade
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Slavery not new to Africa
• Africans are sent to Middle East for
domestic work
Sugarcane (Portuguese)
• Changed slavery for Europeans
• Plantations in Caribbean and Brazil
Grew fast
• 16th century – about 275,000
• 17th century – over 1 million
• 18th century – over 6 million
African slave traders controlled
slave trade
• Middle Passage: route from Africa
to the Americas
• Destroyed traditional African
societies as demand for slaves
increased
Middle Passage
http://history.howstuffworks.com/29
501-assignment-discovery-aboutslavery-in-america-video.htm
Activity: Middle Passage
Documents
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Work in pairs to analyze the documents.
Read the four quotes (one reads aloud the other writes down)
1. Is this a primary or secondary source?
2. What is taking place from the point of view of
the author?
3. Focus on what is happening: How would you feel
about what is going on? Are there any biases?
Would you do anything about it?
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Complete the Questions on “Points to
Consider” (pg. 3)
Results of European Expansion
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In Europe
• Economically successful
• Created rivalries as countries fought over colonies
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In Asia
• Increased trade with Europe
• Beginning of “Western dominance”
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In Africa
• Dramatic increase of slave trade
• European influence in the African coastal areas
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In the Americas
• Destroyed native population
• Began European dominance (Spanish)