Transcript European Exploration of the Americas

European Exploration
of the Americas
Spain Claims an Empire
European Competition in North America
The Spanish & Native Americans
Beginnings of Slavery in the Americas
Spain Claims an Empire
 Marco Polo’s tales
 Overland route costly & dangerous
 Portugal takes the lead
 Henry the Navigator
 Began a school of navigation
 Water route to Asia
 Bartolomeu Dias
 Sailed to Cape of Good Hope
 Vasco da Gama
 Sailed all the way to India
Spain Claims an Empire
 Christopher Columbus - 1492
 Believed in a faster route
 King Ferdinand & Queen Isabella’s support
 Sailed with 3 ships
 Nina, Pinta, Santa Maria
 San Salvador – October 12, 1492
 Believed he had reached Asia
 Treaty of Tordesillas
 Divided new lands between Spain & Portugal
Spain Claims an Empire
 Conquistidors
 Gold (mercantilism)
 Glory
 God (missionaries)
 Amerigo Vespucci
 Realized land was not Asia, but a whole NEW WORLD
 German mapmaker labeled new land - AMERICA
 Vasco Nunez de Balboa
 Pacific Ocean
 Ferdinand Magellen
 Expedition sailed around the globe
 5 ships & 270 men
 3years 1 ship w/ 19 men
Spain Claims an Empire
 Hernando Cortes – 1519-1521
 Conquered Aztecs
 Dona Marina
 508 men & several horses
 Montezuma
 Aztec leader
 Francisco Pizarro - 1531
 Conquered Incas
 Atahualapa
 Inca Emperor
European Competition
in North America
 John Cabot (England)
 Newfoundland
 Giovanni da Verrazzano (France)
 Northeast coast of United States
 Jacques Cartier (France)
 St. Lawrence seaway to present day Montreal
 Samuel de Champlain (France)
 Founded fur trading post at Quebec (1608)
 Oldest permanent French settlement in new world
 Henry Hudson (Dutch)
 Explored New York harbor area
The Spanish &
Native Americans
 Not as much gold as Spain had hoped
 Encomiendas
 Grant allowing forced native American labor
 Haciendas
 Large farms or plantations
 Missions
 Settlements intended to convert natives to Christianity
(Catholic)
 Bartolome’ de Las Casas
 “Protector of the Indians”
The Spanish &
Native Americans
 Columbian Exchange
 Exchange of plants, animals, diseases, & culture
from Europe to the Americas & back
 Europe had never seen:
 Pumpkins, turkeys, squash, pineapple, tobacco, sweet
potato, peppers, peanuts, potatoes, tomatoes, corn,
beans, or vanilla
 America had never seen:
 Coffee, peaches, pears, citrus fruits, bananas, sugar
cane, honey bees, onions, wheat, rice, cows, sheep,
pigs, horses, grapes, olives, or diseases like – measles,
smallpox, malaria, common cold
Beginnings of Slavery
in the Americas
 Slavery
 One person owned by another
 Growth of plantations led to a need for workers
 Captured slaves escaped
 Began trading slaves from Americas to Africa
 Slave trade develops
 Dutch set up MIDDLE Passage
 Triangular Trade
 Molasses to Rum to Slaves