Transcript Europe 1763-1914

Industrialization (1750-1914)
The Industrial Revolution
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Cheap Labor Supply
Abundant Natural Resources
Visionary Entrepreneurs
Investment Capital
Better Transportation
New Markets in India and America
Government Support
Responses to Industrialization
• Britain passed strict laws to protect their
monopoly on Industrialization
– Forbade export of industrial machines
– Barred engineers from leaving the country
– Unions were illegal
• “Luddites” resisted technological change
• Karl Marx wrote the Communist Manifesto
Political Revolutions
• The American Revolution
– Encouraged other revolts and revolutions in Europe
– Changes nations’ attitudes about colonies
• The French Revolution
– Enlightenment principals
– Political and tax structure was imbalanced
– Bankrupt due to wars and the monarchy
• Netherlands, Milan, Naples, Spain, Switzerland,
German States
Political Revolutions
• Napoleon
– Spread the ideas of the French Revolution
(liberty, equality, fraternity)
– Napoleonic Code
• Single unifying code of laws
• Equality before the law
• freedom of speech, worship, public trial by jury
Political Revolution 1815-1914
• Liberalism- individualism, suffrage,
laissez-fair
• Socialism- communal ownership of
means of production, social and economic
equality
• Nationalism- loyalty to the state rather
than class or group
– Unification of Italy, Germany, AustriaHungarian Empire
Europe 1815
Discuss the influence of the
revolutions beginning in 1820
and extending through 1870 in
reconstructing the map of
Europe, and how the
reconstruction affected the
development of European
diplomacy by 1907.
Revolutions
• The revolutions created new states in Greece (1820),
Belgium (1830), Italy (1870), and Germany (1871).
• The greatest impact was in eastern and central Europe,
previously a region without strong national centralization.
The emergence of the new states was accompanied by
economic growth.
• Germany became an economic threat to Britain. Both
Germany and Italy wished to participate in the scramble
for world empire.
• Such economic and colonial competition upset previous
power balances and led to two competing blocks, the
Triple Alliance (Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy) and
Triple Entente (Britain, France, Russia).