Transcript Industrialization Spreads

Industrialization
Spreads
Chapter 9
Section 3
Main Idea
• The industrialization that began in Great Britain
spread to other parts of the world.
• The Industrial Revolution set the stage for the
growth of modern cities and a global economy.
Introduction
• Great Britain’s favorable geography, its
financial systems, political stability, and
natural resources sparked industrialization.
• British merchants built the world’s first
factories.
• Industrial Revolution soon spread to the
United States and continental Europe.
Industrial Development in the
United States
• United States had the same resources as
Britain.
• Rivers, coal, iron ore, and a supply of
laborers.
• War of 1812 – Britain tried to blockade trade
to keep the U.S. from trading internationally.
• America’s response?
• Manufacture their own goods.
Industrialization in the
United States
• Began in the textile industry.
• Britain forbade engineers, mechanics and
toolmakers to leave the country.
• However, Samuel Slater emigrated to the
U.S.
• Rebuilt a spinning machine from memory.
• Led to easy manufacturing of thread.
Lowell, Massachusetts
• 1813 – Francis Lowell and four others
mechanized every stage of textile
production.
• Very successful.
• When Lowell died, town was named
after him.
• Lowell, Massachusetts became a
booming center and model for other
towns.
Mill Girls
• Thousands of women flocked
to towns to work in factories.
• Higher wages and
independence.
• 12 hour days, 6 days a week.
• Nice alternative to being a
servant.
Railroads
• Railroads played a major role in
America’s industrialization.
• Chicago and Minneapolis
expanded greatly during the
1800s.
• Close location to railroads.
• Railroads allowed for easy
transportation of goods.
"The time will come when people will
travel in stages moved by steam
engines from one city to another,
almost as fast as birds can fly, 15 or 20
miles an hour.... A carriage will start
from Washington in the morning, the
passengers will breakfast at Baltimore,
dine at Philadelphia, and sup in New
York the same day.... Engines will drive
boats 10 or 12 miles an hour, and there
will be hundreds of steamers running
on the Mississippi, as predicted years
ago."
--Oliver Evans, 1800
Rise of Corporation
• Building businesses, like railroads, required
a great deal of money.
• To raise money, entrepreneurs sold shares
of stock.
• Stock = certain rights of ownership.
• People who bought stock became an owner
of the business, called a corporation.
• Corporation = a business owned by
stockholders who share in its profits but are
not personally responsible for its debts.
The Impact of Industrialization
• The Industrial Revolution shifted the world
balance of power.
• It increased competition between
industrialized nations and poverty in lessdeveloped nations.
• Widened the wealth gap.
• Industrialization gave Europe economic
power.
• Asia and Africa - still based on agriculture.
Middle Class
• Development of the middle class
created great opportunities for
education and democratic
participation.
• Fueled a powerful movement for
social reform.
Questions
1. What war led to the United States beginning to
industrialize?
2. Why did Britain forbid engineers, mechanics, and
toolmakers to leave the country?
3. Which American town became the model for
others trying to industrialize?
4. Which two American cities expanded greatly
because of the railroads?
5. What is a corporation?
6. What two continents remained agricultural based
during the Industrial Revolution?