Transcript industrialization spreads

Industrialization Spreads
Chapter 9
Section 3
Main Idea
• The industrialization that began in Great
Britain spread to other parts of the world.
• The Industrial Revolution set the stage for
the growth of modern cities and a global
economy.
Introduction
• Great Britain’s favorable geography, its
financial systems, political stability, and
natural resources sparked industrialization.
• British merchants built the world’s first
factories.
• Industrial Revolution soon spread to the
United States and continental Europe.
Industrial Development in the
United States
• United States had the same resources as Britain.
• Rivers, coal, iron ore, and a supply of laborers.
• War of 1812 – Britain tried to blockade trade to
keep the U.S. from trading internationally.
• America’s response?
• Manufacture their own goods.
Industrialization in the
United States
• Began in the textile industry.
• Britain forbade engineers, mechanics and
toolmakers to leave the country.
• However, Samuel Slater emigrated to the
U.S.
• Rebuilt a spinning machine from memory.
• Led to easy manufacturing of thread.
Lowell, Massachusetts
• 1813 – Francis Lowell and four
others mechanized every stage of
textile production.
• Very successful.
• When Lowell died, town was named
after him.
• Lowell, Massachusetts became a
booming center and model for other
towns.
Mill Girls
• Thousands of women flocked to
towns to work in factories.
• Higher wages and independence.
• 12 hour days, 6 days a week.
• Nice alternative to being a
servant.
Railroads
• Railroads played a major role
in America’s industrialization.
• Chicago and Minneapolis
expanded greatly during the
1800s.
– Close location to railroads.
• Railroads allowed for easy
transportation of goods.
"The time will come when people
will travel in stages moved by steam
engines from one city to another,
almost as fast as birds can fly, 15 or
20 miles an hour.... A carriage will
start from Washington in the
morning, the passengers will
breakfast at Baltimore, dine at
Philadelphia, and sup in New York
the same day.... Engines will drive
boats 10 or 12 miles an hour, and
there will be hundreds of steamers
running on the Mississippi, as
predicted years ago."
--Oliver Evans, 1800
Rise of Corporation
• Building businesses, like railroads, required a
great deal of money.
• To raise money, entrepreneurs sold shares of
stock.
• Stock = certain rights of ownership.
• People who bought stock became an owner of
the business, called a corporation.
• Corporation = a business owned by
stockholders who share in its profits but are not
personally responsible for its debts.
The Impact of Industrialization
• The Industrial Revolution shifted the world
balance of power.
• It increased competition between
industrialized nations and poverty in lessdeveloped nations.
• Widened the wealth gap.
• Industrialization gave Europe economic
power.
• Asia and Africa - still based on agriculture.
Middle Class
• Development of the middle class created
great opportunities for education and
democratic participation.
– Fueled a powerful movement for social
reform.