Transcript The Industrial Revolution 1750

The Industrial Revolution
1750-1914
The Turning Point in World History…why?
Hans Rosling’s 200 Countries 200 Years 4 minutes
Objectives:
1. Where did the Industrial Revolution start? Why?
2. Society pre and post Industrialization
3. Major innovations/inventors of the I.R.
4. Effects of and Responses to Industrialization
What was the
Industrial Revolution?
The Industrial Revolution was a period in the
late 18th and early 19th centuries when major
changes took place in agriculture, manufacturing,
and transportation.
Pre-Industrial Revolution
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Domestic
Small Towns
Cottage Industry
Hand crafted
Learn through
apprenticeship
Self-employed
Own personal machines
Trade with locals
Cooperation
Flexibility
Sense of Accomplishment
Industrial Revolution
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Factories
Growth of Cities
Mass Production
Taught needed skills on the
factory floor [bulk unskilled]
Employed by business
Technological innovations make
machines expensive
Monotonous work of a single
aspect of the good
Competition
Isolation
Bad work conditions
Environmental pollution
Dissatisfaction of working class
with working conditions
Where did the Industrial Revolution
first take place?
Great Britain
Why Great Britain?
a) Abundance of Natural Resources
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Major cities spring up near iron deposits & coal fields
b) Waterways
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Being an island, there is more coast line to access for trading &
many rivers/lakes to use as a power source
c) Colonial Empire
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Colonies supply cheap resources (cotton)
Colonies supply G.B. with a market to buy the goods produced.
d) Government Support
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Relatively peaceful, not in turmoil
Lift restrictions on trade allowing manufacturers & merchants
the opportunity to make high profits.
Textile Industry Revolutions:
 James Hargreaves
 Eli Whitney
 Spinning Jenny
 Cotton Gin
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Machine can do the work of 16
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Removed the seeds and other
unwanted materials
people
The Cotton gin unfortunately
increased the demand for slave
labor on American plantations.
New Innovations…
James Watt
improved the STEAM
ENGINE to make it run
4x faster on the same
amount of coal.
Innovations
Henry Bessemer
Created a process to make
steel cheaper to produce,
stronger, & easier to work
with.
•Process involved
blasting
compressed air
through molten
iron to burn out
excess carbon and
impurities
Effects of Industrialization…
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Population Explosion & Growth of Cities
- medical discoveries & public sanitation
-Edward Jenner- smallpox vaccination
-Louis Pasteur- discovered bacteria
- housing/tenements & standard of living
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Factories and Mines
-Harsh working conditions
-Women and children entered the workplace as cheap labor.
-Child labor especially kept costs of production low and profits high.
-Owners exercised considerable control over the lives of their laborers.
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Increased competition among industrialized nations
for raw materials and markets in the world which
led to IMPERIALISM.
Responses to the Impact of the
Industrial Revolution
#1
Demands for
change in
Great Britain
• Worker riots lead to Parliament
investigation of factory
conditions
• Journalists describe & authors
write about appalling life of a
factory worker
• Leads to worker reforms for
children in 1833 & 1842
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Social Effects
a. Rise of Labor Unions
-Demand for better $, hours,
conditions. Organized strikes. Wanted
collective bargaining.
Met with opposition from Businesses/
Employers … Why?
b Expansion of Education
c. Women’s increase demands for
suffrage (right to vote).
d. Reforms to end child labor
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Improvements
for Workers
• Employers realized productivity
dependent on attitude of workers.
• Better conditions
• Factory Codes= minimum
standards for safety & sanitation
• Beginning of Insurance Funds=
help support workers who can’t
work due to illnesses or injury
Imperialism as a Response to
Industrialization
#4
• Need for more raw materials (natural resources)
• Need to open new markets in which to sell products of
industrialization
OTHER Reasons for Imperialism
(not just Industrial reasons)
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Political
Economic (this one is the link to Industrialization)
Religious
Exploratory
Ideology
Where else does industrialism
take hold following England?
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Belgium
Germany
Northern France
United States
Russia
Japan
Where are the “newly
industrialized” countries (NICs)?
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China
India
South Africa
Mexico
Turkey
Why didn’t industrialization happen here
first?
Mapping the Major Ideas
• How did the Industrial Revolution change
the world?
• Read material silently, marking changes
• In a group, create a web that depicts these
changes with a short phrase and image for
each (detailed but concise!)
Global Industrialization
• Bridging World History
• Video and Questions
• Additional activities (PDF)