Transcript Review: AP World History Exam 1750

Review: AP World History
Exam
1750-1914 Section
Periodization
• Revolutions
– Enlightenment and Scientific Revolution
• Industrialization
– Enlightenment and Scientific Revolution
• Imperialism
• Continuities and Breaks
– Need for raw materials (exploitations)
– Coerced labor
– Europe Dominating
Changes is Global Commerce,
Communication and Technology
• PPMMMR Charts
• Small local industries destroyed by imported
manufactured goods (ex. India)
• China and Japan forced open to trade
• Truly global trade, world linked but dependent
• Spreads from West to non-west (some
specialization that will lead to industrialization
like in Canada, Uruguay, South Africa) (profit
returns to industrial nations)
Commonalities
• Industrialization begins with textiles
• Need for Steam and Iron
• Railroads and Canals needed (specifically
the Suez Canal)
Slave Trade
• Atlantic Slave trade ends
– Denmark 1792
– US 1807 (continue shipping but not to US)
– Britain 1808
– Brazil 1830 (smuggles until 1850)
Demographic Changes
• Demographic Transition: Shifting patterns
• Mortality rate falls faster than birth rate so there is
a population increase
• Demographic stability is achieved when birth rate
also slows
• Voluntary birth control
• No major outbreaks of disease
• By 1900 75% of population live in cities
• Agricultural Revolution: New crops like peanuts
(China and Africa) increase population
• Cash crops cause famine
Social and Gender Structure
• Urbanization
• Commercial Developments: Monopoly, Cartel,
and Trust
• Abolition: women and free blacks are the force
behind abolition. Reasons for ending slavery
were humanitarian and economic. William
Wilberforce, Frederick Douglass
• Brazil liberals want to end slavery on
Enlightened ideals. Slavery ends for economic
and democratic reasons.
• Caribbean Islands have small slave population,
so its ending is not violent socially
Political Revolutions and
Independence Movements
• American Revolution
– Causes: beneficial neglect…..
– Documents: Articles of Confederation….
– Effects: representative democracy…….
• French
– Causes: social inequality….
– Documents: Declaration of Rights of Man….
– Effects: Napoleon…..
• Haiti:
– Causes: homeland rule…..
– Documents: Enlightened writers
– Results: successful slave revolt
• Latin America
– Causes: Mercantilism…..
– Documents:
– Results: few….
Things to think about
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Phases of Revolution
Leaders
Outside forces
Long-term effects
Who benefits
Popular Sovereignty
Nationalism and Nation-States
• Rise of Nationalism
– Napoleon
– Congress of Vienna
– Greece
– Germany
– Italy
Limitations
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Women
Slaves
Indigenous populations
Racism
Imperialism
Rise of the West
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Economic (industrialization, Mercantilism, Capitalism)
Political (democracy)
Social (growing middle class, mobility, westernization)
Expansion; imperialism and colonialism
Cultural and Artistic (Impressionism)
Monet:
Impressionism
Reaction to the West
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Russia (reform: Westernizes)
India (resist: Mugal to Sepoy)
Ottoman (reform: Young Turks)
China (resist: Taiping and Boxer)
Japan (reform: Meiji Restoration)
Imperialism causes Nationalism in
subservient countries
Diverse Interpretations
Modernization is positive, it’s better for
everyone so don’t resist. Accept science,
accept enlightenment, accept
industrialization, a free market. (Western
Theory).
Slave Emancipation Reasons: Fear Factor,
Humanitarian Factor and Economic Factor.
Women: should they have more rights
because of their role in revolutions? Roles
more defined. Settler colony more equality
Major Comparisons and Snapshots
• Compare Industrial Revolution in Western
Europe and Japan
• Comparative Revolutions Reaction to
foreign domination in Ottoman, China, India
and Japan
• Colonialism vs Neo-colonialism