Transcript 1750-1900
Erica Keener The Industrial Revolution began in England, and rapidly spread to USA, and then to Europe. Improvements in technology, and agriculture began the start of the revolution. Eli Whitney: Cotton Gin Samuel F.B. Morse: Telegraph Alexander Graham Bell: Telephone Thomas Edison: Phonograph, and Light bulb Orville and Wilbur Wright: Airplane Henry Ford: Model T Fords. The working class became a larger group and woman started to stay at home. Political: There was an increase of national pride. Chartism (political reform in a country). This gained support in the lower classes. During the Revolution the government had to pass laws for the working class. Economic: There was a major increase of economic power. Most of the objects made were made in common homes. The factory system put a replacement of this, and many people moved to be able to work in the factory. The standard of living grew. The creation of assembly lines and the use of more technology. The Parliament started to tax the 13 colonists. They thought they had the right of “No taxation without representation”. The USA emerged as a federal republic and it also impacted many other revolutions (French). The third estate wanted more rights and freedom from the taxes from the first and second estate. They were the third estate and they were very influenced by the enlightenment thinkers and the way the American Revolution worked out. The Convention abolished the monarchy. A new constitution was made and it gave power the Convention. A French army general who took over and ended the French Revolution. The goal was to restore France back to the it was before the revolution. It was a meeting held in Vienna with representatives. Both the French and American Revolutions inspired the Latin American countries to gain independence. He was a Creole from South America and he led a very successful revolution against the Spanish. The Haitian Revolution began as a slave revolt. Enslaved Africans rebelled against the French. A slave whom helped the revolt against the French. This was a political philosophy to return Europe to the was it was before the revolutions. The idea that individuals have certain rights and the government is supposed to protect those rights. An over whelming sense of pride in one’s country. The society owns the production of goods. The workers are in control. Developed a philosophy that was in response to the changing nature of the work place and he also wrote the Communist Manifesto. Many independent German states became one country. Chancellor of Prussia and worked to unify German States. Independent Italian states formed a single nation. The policy to establish and develop the homeland for Jews in Palestine. A war between Russia and a group of nations in Crimea. In 1861, Czar Alexander II abolished serfdom; many serfs went to cities & became a workforce in Russia's push to industrialize; there was little change in setting the serfs free New Imperialism: Industrial nations sought economic control over weaker nations; nationalism led to increased sense of competition as strong nations sought to expand their empires Poem by Rudyard Kipling; explained why white Europeans had a moral responsibility to take control of weaker nations The application of ideas about evolution and "survival of the fittest" to human societies particularly as a justification for their imperialist expansion. Direct control: the colony was under the express control of the mother country; Indirect control: the colony was given a degree of autonomy The revolt of Indian soldiers in 1857 against certain practices that violated religious customs; also known as the Sepoy Mutiny. Nationalist group formed in British India by upper-class Hindus. Sought to serve all Indians, although it was mostly middle/upper class Hindus. Called for Indian self-rule. King of Belgium who began imperialistic trade inside of Africa which resulted in the Scramble for Africa. A meeting from 1884-1885 at which representatives of European nations agreed on rules colonization of Africa Conflict between Britain and China over sale of Opium. China had a balance of trade; Europeans demanded Chinese goods (silk & tea). BEIC began importing opium into China which threatened trade balance for China. In 1839, Lin Zexu tried to ban opium which caused the British military to take action. The Opium War left China's treasuries empty and allowed Europe to take control of China The most destructive civil war before the twentieth century. A Christian-inspired rural rebellion threatened to topple the Qing Empire. A late nineteenth century movement in which the Chinese modernized their army and encouraged Western investment in factories and railways; the reforms had limited success areas of economic influence/control A 1900 Uprising in China aimed at ending foreign influence in the country. an American foreign policy opposing interference in the Western hemisphere from outside powers In 1898, a conflict between the United States and Spain, in which the U.S. supported the Cubans' fight for independence; U.S. emerged as an imperial power US foreign policy that sought equal trading rights for all nations trading in China and commercial advantages for US business. Proposed by Secretary of State John Hay in 1899 because the US was one of the few imperial powers that didn't have a sphere of influence in China. Forced to open up to the world following the arrival of US Commodore Matthew Perry. The US wanted to find new markets following industrialization, and Japan offered new economic opportunities. Treaty of Kanagawa opened Japan trade, ending Japanese isolation. The political program that followed the destruction of the Tokugawa Shogunate in 1868, in which a collection of young leaders set Japan on the path of centralization, industrialization, and imperialism. A war fought between China and Japan for control of Korea The Ottomans fell behind in industrialization, in education, and in general compared to the west Albanian soldier in the service of Turkey who was made viceroy of Egypt and took control away from the Ottoman Empire and established Egypt as a modern state (17691849). A machine that turns the energy released by burning fuel into motion. Thomas Newcomen built the first crude but workable steam engine in 1712. James Watt vastly improved his device in the 1760s and 1770s. Steam power was then applied to machinery. Identical components that can be used in place of one another in manufacturing a machine for cleaning the seeds from cotton fibers, invented by Eli Whitney in 1793 machine invented by Samuel Morse in 1837 that used a system of dots and dashes to send messages across long distances electronically through a wire