Transcript Regents Exam Review Part 1 Political, Economic and

Regents Exam Review
Part 1
Political, Economic and
Social Revolutions
10th grade
Global History and Geography
Mr. Schwenebraten
1
Political Revolutions
1. French Revolution – 1789
– inspiration to later
revolutions
2
A.Causes
• Absolute Monarchy –
Louis XVI
• Huge debt = large taxes
3
•Social Inequality
st
–three social classes (1 ,
nd
rd
2 , 3 Estates)
Percentage of Population by Estate
0.50%
1.50%
1
2
3
98%
•Inspiration
4
B.Results
• Limited monarchy
• Political power
shifts to bourgeoisie
5
6
2. Independence movements in
th
Latin America – 19 century
A. NATIONALISTIC
feelings led to new nations
• Break away from Spain,
Portugal, and France
7
B.Inspiration = American and
French Revolutions
8
C.Key figures:
• Toussaint L’Ouverture
• Simón Bolívar
• José de San Martín
9
10
Reaction against Revolutions
1. Congress of Vienna
A.Goal: Restore Europe to preFrench Revolution conditions
• Contain France, balance of
power and legitimacy
11
2. Latin America
A. Power shift from King’s
representative to military
leaders/wealthy
landowners
B. Cash crop economies
12
Economic Revolutions
1. Industrial Revolution
A.Before a nation can
industrialize it must have
enough FOOD and
CAPITAL
13
B.Why did it begin in
England?
• Natural resources
(coal and iron ore),
human resources,
and transportation
→ land, labor, capital
14
•
Industrialize
↓
mass production
↓
mass distribution
15
C.Mass production =
assembly line
• Each person performs
ONE task
• Problem = BOREDOM
16
E.Results:
• Increase middle class
• More social mobility
• Urbanization
• Government reforms =
correct evils of factories
17
2. Capitalism, Socialism,
Communism
A. Capitalism – private
ownership of means of
production - PROFIT
B. Socialism – some government
(public) control of business
C. Communism – complete
government control of
business
18
Social Revolutions
1. Karl Marx –
Communist
Manifesto –
“Dictatorship
of the
Proletariat”
19
A.History is an ongoing
conflict between the rich
and the poor
20
B. Industrialization/
Capitalism leads to
proletarian revolution –
“Workers of the world,
unite.”
• Conditions only improve
when workers are in
control and create a
classless society
21
2. Adam Smith –
“laissez faire” –
govt. hands off
A.Economic freedom
guarantees
economic progress
22
3. Social Darwinism
A. Survival of the fittest
applied to people,
businesses and nations
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